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bottom-up filters | top-down expectations | purpose |
instar learning | outstar learning | p200fig05.13 Expectations focus attention: [in, out]star often used to learn the adaptive weights. top-down expectations to select, amplify, and synchronize expected patterns of critical features, while suppressing unexpected features |
LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | V1 cortical area | p192fig05.06 focus attention on expected critical features |
EC-III entorhinal stripe cells | CA1 hippocampal place cells | p600fig16.36 entorhinal-hippocampal system has properties of an ART spatial category learning system, with hippocampal place cells as the spatial categories |
auditory orienting arousal | auditory category | p215fig05.28 How a mismatch between bottom-up and top-down patterns can trigger activation of the orienting system A and, with it, a burst of nonspecific arousal to the category level. ART Matching Rule: TD mismatch can suppress a part of F1 STM pattern, F2 is reset if degree of match < vigilance |
auditory stream with/without [silence, noise] gaps | perceived sound continues? | p419fig12.17 The auditory continuity illusion: Backwards in time - How does a future sound let past sound continue through noise? Resonance! |
visual perception, learning and recognition of visual object categories | motion perception, spatial representation and target tracking | p520fig14.02 pART predictive Adaptive Resonance Theory. Many adaptive synapses are bidirectional, thereby supporting synchronous resonant dynamics among multiple cortical regions. The output signals from the basal ganglia that regulate reinforcement learning and gating of multiple cortical areas are not shown. red - cognitive-emotional dynamics green - working memory dynamics black - see [bottom-up, top-down] lists |
EEG with mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events | expected [P120, N200, P300] event-related potentials (ERPs) | p211fig05.21 Sequences of P120, N200, and P300 event-related potentials (ERPs) occur during oddball learning EEG experiments under conditions that ART predicted should occur during sequences of mismatch, arousal, and STM reset events, respectively. |
Cognitive | Emotional | p541fig15.02 nSTART neurotrophic Spectrally Timed Adaptive Resonance Theory: Hippocampus can sustain a Cognitive-Emotional resonance: that can support "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling. Hippocampus enables adaptively timed learning that can bridge a trace conditioning gap, or other temporal gap between Conditioned Stimuluus (CS) and Unconditioned Stimulus (US). |
white | general microcircuit : a possible component of ART architecture |
lime green | sensory perception [attention, expectation, learn]. Table includes [see, hear, !!*must add touch example*!!], no Grossberg [smell, taste] yet? |
light blue | post-perceptual cognition? |
pink | "the feeling of what happens" and knowing what event caused that feeling |