#] #] ********************* #] "$d_web"'Personal/Entertainment/Netflix detailed notes of selected films.txt' - ??? # www.BillHowell.ca 30Aug2018 initial # view in text editor, using constant-width font (eg courier), tabWidth = 3 #48************************************************48 #24************************24 # Table of Contents, generate with : # $ grep "^#]" "$d_web"'Personal/Entertainment/Netflix detailed notes of selected films.txt' | sed "s/^#\]/ /" # ********************* "$d_web"'Personal/Entertainment/Netflix detailed notes of selected films.txt' - ??? 22Mar2024 Nezha Reborn - China 24Dec2023 Navirees de Guerre: dans l'enfer du combat (France) 01Dec2023 Meltdown: Three Mile Island 28Mar1979 (initial watch 30Nov2023) 4 episodes 16Oct2023 Ordinary Men: The "Forgotten Holocaust" - German based, Brit commentary 08Jun2023 cinema new Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny - search "antiquary" 05Jun2023 The Liberator 10Jul1943 Thunderbirds: USA [cowboys, aboriginal, mexicans] in Italy 05Jun2023 Unknown, the lost pyramid (of pharaoh Huni), Egyptian film 12Jun2023 Regiment Diaries - India's war history, this is one of the BEST series on Netflix I've seen!! 07Aug2020 A Guide to Longevity Throughout History 14Mar2020 Pavarti - the Great Betrayal 28Sep2019 SuspObs - infomentary films in August 21Mar2019 "Wolf" - film about a Turkish anti-terror squad circa 2012-2015 13Mar2019 The Protector 11Mar2019 WWII : 1942 and Hitlers soft under-belly 01Feb2019 Trotsky film S1:E7 29:55 28Jan2019 Trotsky film S1:E3 41:52 : 06Dec2018 Hilter Speech to Reichstag 26Apr1942 - Nazi Secret files Epidode E6 analysed as Messiah complex 04Dec2018 Nazi Secret files Epidode 5 02Dec2018 Circumcision and religion ??Nov2018 Nazi Secret Files - advanced systems #24************************24 # Setup, ToDos, #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] ??Mar2024 #08********08 #] 22Mar2024 Nezha Reborn - China (saw before, watch again 22Mar2024 because of ?Jiang? New Gods DVD) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81418302 main character Li Yunxiang 49:36 Nezha needs his Astras : Sky Ribbon and Cosmic Ring +--+ https://mythopedia.com/topics/nezha In Chinese mythology, Nezha (哪吒) is a precocious teenage deity who serves as a patron saint of young adults. After gestating in his mother’s womb for three years and six months, Nezha was born with superhuman strength and the ability to speak. His Chinese myth is based off of the Hindu god, Nalakuvara. Mythology According to the Fengshen Yanyi, a historical text known as The Creation of The Gods, Nezha was born during the Shang Dynasty to a military commander and his wife. To say that Nezha had a complicated relationship with his parents would be an understatement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_of_the_Gods The Investiture of the Gods, also known by its Chinese names Fengshen Yanyi (Chinese: 封神演義; pinyin: Fēngshén Yǎnyì; Wade–Giles: Fêng1-shên2 Yan3-yi4; Jyutping: Fung1 San4 Jin2 Ji6) and Fengshen Bang (封神榜),[note 1] is a 16th-century Chinese novel and one of the major vernacular Chinese works in the gods and demons (shenmo) genre written during the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).[2] Consisting of 100 chapters, it was first published in book form between 1567 and 1619.[2] Another source claims it was published in a finalized edition in 1605.[3] The work combines elements of history, folklore, mythology, legends and fantasy.[4] The story is set in the era of the decline of the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC) and the rise of the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 BC). It intertwines numerous elements of Chinese mythology, Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism, including deities, demons, immortals and spirits. The authorship is attributed to Xu Zhonglin. Cosmology Further information: Category:Locations in Chinese mythology and Chinese mythological geography Bronze mirror with cosmological decoration from the Belitung shipwreck, including Bagua. Various ideas about the nature of the earth, the universe, and their relationship to each other have historically existed as either a background or a focus of mythologies. One typical view is of a square earth separated from a round sky by sky pillars (mountains, trees, or undefined). Above the sky is the realm of Heaven, often viewed of as a vast area, with many inhabitants. Often the heavenly inhabitants are thought to be of an "as above so below" nature, their lives and social arrangements being parallel to those on earth, with a hierarchical government run by a supreme emperor, many palaces and lesser dwellings, a vast bureaucracy of many functions, clerks, guards, and servants. Below was a vast under ground land, also known as Diyu, Yellow Springs, Hell, and other terms. As time progressed, the idea of an underground land in which the souls of the departed were punished for their misdeeds during life became explicit, related to developments in Daoism and Buddhism. The underground world also came to be conceived of as inhabited by a vast bureaucracy, with kings, judges, torturers, conductors of souls, minor bureaucrats, recording secretaries, similar to the structure of society in the Middle Kingdom (earthly China). Heavenly realm (Howell : see below sun, stars, moon, planets, Milky Way (sometimes referred to as the River of Heaven), clouds, and other features) Further information: Chinese constellations The Heavenly realm is described by the Chinese word "Tian," which can be translated into English as both "Heaven" and "sky." Sometimes this was personified into a deity (sky god). In some descriptions, this was an elaborate place ruled over by a supreme deity, or a group of supreme deities. Jade Emperor being associated with Daoism and Buddhas with Buddhism. Many astronomically observable features were subjects of mythology or the mythological locations and settings for mythic scenes. These include the sun, stars, moon, planets, Milky Way (sometimes referred to as the River of Heaven), clouds, and other features. These were often the home or destination of various deities, divinities, shamans, and many more. Another concept of the Heavenly realm is that of the Cords of the Sky. Travel between Heaven and Earth was usually described as achieved by flying or climbing. The Queqiao (鵲橋; Quèqiáo) was a bridge formed by birds flying across the Milky Way, as seen in The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl mythology surrounding the Qixi Festival. The hazy band of stars of the Milky Way was referred to as the "Silvery River" or the "River of Heaven". Astronomical deities Various goddesses, gods, or spirits are especially associated with certain astronomical objects. Sun (and Suns) Various mythology involves the sun. One solar deity is Xihe, goddess of the sun. There is a myth of Kua Fu, a giant who followed the sun, during the course of his chase he drained all of the waters dry including the Yellow River, and after he died of thirst was transformed into a mountain range or a forest. Known as sānzúwū are three-legged raven or ravens associated with the sun, or the ten suns, of which Houyi shot down nine. Sometimes mythology portrays there being more than one sun. Houyi and the Ten Suns It was said that there were ten suns, each one taking a turn on its allotted day to cross the sky (this has been thought evidence of a ten-day week used at one time). There is a mythological account of how at one on a certain morning ten suns all rose into the sky together. The oppressive heat lead to drought, the plants began to wither, and humans and animals were all on the verge of death. A mighty archer Yi, or Houyi, shot down all but one of them, saving humanity. Moon Chang'e (or in older versions Chang'O) is goddess of the moon. Another lunar deity is Changxi, probably an older version of Chang'e with the name changed due to a naming taboo. Chang'e is modern. Chang'e In mythology it was said that Chang'e had been married to the heroic archer Houyi, but one day she swallowed a Pill of Immortality and floated up to the moon. Now it is said Chang'e lives in a cold crystal palace on the moon. Every year during a full moon toward harvest time, Chang'e is worshiped. This is the Mid-Autumn Festival, families gather under the moonlight and celebrate in honour of the moon. Although somewhat lonely, Chang'e is not alone on the moon. Wu Gang and the Magic Tree A magical tree grows on the moon. It is possibly an osmanthus tree (Osmanthus fragrans), some type of laurel (Lauraceae), such as a cassia such as (Cinnamomum cassia), but more likely a unique specimen of a magical tree. Every month the xian Wu Gang cuts away at the tree, chopping it smaller and smaller. Then, just when he just has it chopped completely down, it magically grows back. Once it has grown back Wu Gang returns to his chopping, in an endless monthly cycle. Rabbit in the Moon An alchemical hare or rabbit lives on the moon. The lunar rabbit can be seen when the moon is full, busy with mortar and pestle, preparing the Elixir of Immortality. Three-legged toad (See Liu Haichan for Chinese characters) A three-legged toad lives on the moon. During full moons the three-legged Golden Toad Jin Chan frequents near houses or businesses that will soon receive good news generally in the form of wealth. Also known as a Money Toad, statuettes of this toad are used as a charm in Fengshui. The mythology of the Immortal Liu Haichan (who seems to be a form of Caishen/Zhao Gong, God of Wealth) is associated with this tripedal toad. +--+ https://www.localiiz.com/post/chinese-mythology-101-sanxing Fuxing: The Chinese Jupiter While Fuxing (福星; fuk1 sing1; “the star of fortune”) is a personification of Jupiter, the tales surrounding the figure significantly differ from its Roman counterpart. In a Taoist myth that was popularised during the Ming dynasty, Fuk was a Tang governor named Yang Cheng (陽城; joeng4 sing4). His region of jurisdiction was Daozhou (the present-day West Dao county in the Hunan province of mainland China), which historically had a high percentage of dwarfism among its population. +--+ https://owlcation.com/humanities/chinese-mythological-gods-characters Doumu Niangniang (斗母娘娘): The mother goddess of the stars; for example, the Big Dipper Stars and Polaris. Her appearance in temples also resembles that of Brahma, the Hindu God of Creation. She is usually shown with four faces and with multiple arms each wielding a holy artifact. Pangu (盘古): Born from a cosmic egg, Pangu was the Chinese mythical creator of the world and the very first living being in the universe. Using his magical ax, he separated Yang and Yin, and pushed the sky till it was high above the earth. After his passing, different parts of his body became natural elements such as the wind and the stars. Xihe (羲和): An ancient Chinese Goddess of the Sun and one of the two wives of Di Jun. She is said to be the mother of the ten suns that scorched Ancient China. Tai Sui (太岁): Tai Sui refers to Chinese gods presiding over the years. The Chinese lunisolar calendar is based on cycles of 60 years, with the system derived from the solar orbit of Jupiter. Under Chinese folkloric beliefs, each lunisolar year is governed by one Tai Sui too. Those with Chinese zodiac signs opposing the reigning Tai Sui must perform a worship ritual at the start of a new year to avoid misfortune. E. Journey to the West (西游记) Arguably the most famous classic Chinese fantasy saga, Journey to the West was written by Ming Dynasty writer Wu Cheng’en in the 16th century. The saga is considered one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Baigu Jing (白骨精): The White Bone Demoness is one of the most famous villains of Journey to the West, notorious for her repeated attempts to bewitch Tang Sanzang. She was ultimately pounded to death by Sun Wukong’s golden cudgel. Hong Haier (红孩儿): The immensely powerful son of Niu Mo Wang was born with the ability to manipulate all forms of fire. He was so mighty that even the great Sun Wukong wasn’t a match for this brat and had to enlist the help of Guan Yin. After Guan Yin subdued him with a rigged lotus, the demon child was transfigured into Shan Cai Tongzi, the Buddhist Child Propagator of Wealth. Niu Mo Wang (牛魔王): Niu Mo Wang, or Ox Demon King, is but one of the many demons vanquished by Sun Wukong in Journey to the West. He is, however, widely remembered as one of Sun’s sworn brothers. His wife and son also famously battled the Monkey King. Sun Wukong (孙悟空): The world-famous protagonist of Journey to the West, Sun Wukong the Monkey King was born from a magical rock. Mischievous, fiercely loyal, and very quick-tempered, Sun repeatedly battled the Taoist pantheon, and after defeat, was imprisoned by Gautama Buddha in a magical mountain. As further atonement for his sins, the Monkey King was later also ordered to protect Tang Sanzang during the holy monk’s pilgrimage to the birthplace of Buddhism. Upon completion of the pilgrimage, Sun Wukong achieved Buddhist enlightenment and was conferred the title of Dou Zan Sheng Fo (斗战胜佛, Buddha of Combat). Today, Sun Wukong remains one of the most beloved characters in Chinese mythology. Tang Sanzang (唐三藏): More famously known as Tripitaka in the Non-Chinese World, Tang Sanzang was based on Xuan Zang, a real-life Tang Dynasty Monk who went on a pilgrimage to India to collect Buddhist sutras. In Journey to the West, he was Sun Wukong’s second master. Author Wu Cheng’en consistently depicted Sanzang as naïve, hapless, and excessively benevolent. Tieshan Gongzhu (铁扇公主): The Princess of the Iron Fan was the wife of Niu Mo Wang. She came into conflict with Sun Wukong after she refused to loan her eponymous treasure to Sun to extinguish the Flaming Mountains. Zhu Bajie (猪八戒): The comic relief of the saga, pig-faced Bajie was greedy, lascivious, lazy, and terribly jealous of Sun Wukong. Formerly a heavenly marshal, he was cursed with his awful form as punishment for lusting after Chang’e. In Arthur Waley’s translation, Bajie was renamed as Pigsy. >> Howell: looks interesting : G. The Four Folktales (四大民间传说) The Four Folktales are oral traditions that are widely known in Chinese communities. They are: The Butterfly Lovers (梁山伯与祝英台 | Liang Shanbo Yu Zhu Yingtai) The Legend of the White Snake (白蛇传 | Baishe Zhuan) Lady Meng Jiang (孟姜女 | Meng Jiang Nü) The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl (牛郎织女 | Niulang Zhinu) J. Other Chinese Mythological Gods and Goddesses From Popular Folktales, Legends, Etc. Ao Guang (敖广): The Dragon King of the Eastern Ocean. He often appears as a semi-antagonist in Chinese folktales and fantasy sagas, most famously in Investiture of the Gods. The 2021 Chinese animated film New Gods: Nezha Reborn reimagines him as the powerful leader of a subdued dragon tribe. #08********08 #] 24Dec2023 Navirees de Guerre: dans l'enfer du combat (France) Navirees de Guerre: dans l'enfer du combat (France) (intital view 22Dec2023) 4 episodes (English title Sea Power) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81316945 SMS Nassau - bsattle of 150 ships [Brit, German] Navies difficult to sink dreadnaught, not so cruisers, submarines John Fisher rose through Royal Navy Maxime LeuBeuf French navy engineer, submarine French electric submarine - get to port to recharge LeBouef [steam engine, electric motors] external hull for surface operation, all submarines after it 1904 UK-France alliance, feared Germany build-up of Navy beyond Royal Navy Fisher standardizes guns [big only, ], father of the dreadnaught battle cruiser as well, strip armour, much [light, fast]er convinced England must pre-emptive strike, King Edward II refuses 1914 war, Britain deploys naval blockade German submarines sunk 1/4 of merchant ships going to England used LeuBeuf's double hull construction, add periscopes no defense against submarines, lots of craxy ideas Germans don't have enough subs - recruit & build Frenchman Lothar de la Periere, spring 1916 gets into submarine force 07May1918 German U-20 spots Lusitania Periere SM U-35, spots cargo ship under enemy flag, dispatches surfaces to expect falls into trap by decoyed "Q-ship" [depth charges, cannons] against rules of naval combat, highly effective Germany slowly starving, famine looms 31May1916 German 99 ships high fleet sets sail radios not used on high seas as get intercepted Jutland battle - coincidental meeting of [Brit Royal, German Imperial] navies rangefinder binocular telescopes several feet apart 06:43 first salvo, one day Brits lost 1/2 of cruisers from squadron whole Brit fleet joins battle Royal didn't destroy Royal Nabvy submarine warfare Lothar de la Periere has sunk 121 ships in Mediterranean spots ships fires undeerwater, SS Galia carries troops 01Feb1917 German announce indiscriminate sub warfare, protests in USA President Woodroff Wilson reluctant to fully commit Germans sinking 1/4 of Brit-bound ships, faster than Brits could build them US joins war - Germans had not sunk a single dreadnaught destroyers protect dreadnaughts, 70 km/h twice as fast as U-boats, depth charges US admiral Simms - convoys for merchant ships May1917 is first of convoys, none sunk losses drop by 3/4 German sailors refuse to die for lost cause - mutiny Armistice results, German ships to impoundment Scapa Flow +-----+ https://www.netflix.com/watch/81316946 "Une monde en flammes" Interned German ships fished to survive - no payments from Brits German admiral orders scuttle of fleet, 52/74 German ships Now superior technology, not just numbers Japanese prized battleships, also aircraft carrier (nobody has used in action) Misuo Fuchida - 1921 trained as navy air pilot Japan ally in WWI - took over German possesions German rebuilds navy in spite of Versailles weld rather than rivet [light, fast]er "Z plan": 10 battleships , 8 aircraft carriers, 166 smaller warships, 249 submarines Bismark, Tipiz were start 1939 Z-pan only 20% complete French fleet to southern UK ports Algiers French fleet scuttled German Navy Harold Altenburg joined for "murderous fun", gets onto Bismarck Brits launch search and destroy, 21May1940 finds Bismarck Bismark sinks Hood 3/1,421 survive Royal Navy mobilizes 40 ships to hunt Bismarck Commanding admiral? Gunther Lunjens decides to fight not flee 111/2,311 rescued by Brits first sucess by aircraft carrier, Bismarck didn't sink any merchant ships U-boat phase IS THERE MENTION of Enigma? - no just Germans broke allied code at some point 1941 sink hundreds of ships/month Japan hits pearl Harbour, [highest, best] trained in world Japanese Akagi aircraft carrier 3 elevators for planes pilot Mitsuo Fuchida on Akagi, overall command of planes [Jap, German]s considered US to be weak hedonists all battleships destroyed Berlin Dec1941 - Hitler declares war on US 4 days later UK has new weapon - ASDIC sonar sub detection Harro Altenburg, German submariner: Bay of Biscay very difficult to distinguisdh dolphins from ASDIC ASDIC can only detect submarines ahead, not behind post-Midway, Jspanese advsnces stop Germans break Aillied shipping codes in Atlantic - position subs to wait for convoys BritCommentor2 - conventional torpedo complex calc : [bearing, speed] of target ship [direction, when] to fire torpedo Harro Altenburg - sub crew waits for their topedo to hit 1942 new HedgeHog multi-grenade launch turns asround fight May1943 Allieds destroy 1/3 of German subs 06Jun1944 Operation Overlord D-Day BritCommentor2 [Churchill, Eisenhower] afraid of D-Day risks Edgar Harell US marine got posted to USS Indianapolis biggest carrier vs carrier battle in history (Japan, USA) Germany Type XXI submarine, more powerful batteries, snorkels to run diesel underwater too little too late Indianapolis delivers A-bomb, 1,195 into water after submarine torpedo sharks etc get all but 316 sailors +-----+ https://www.netflix.com/watch/81316947 1955 1st nuclear-powered sub 01Apr1945 Okinawa, marines land, battleship Yamato sunk en route [10k US, 200k Japan] soldiers die, US plan for main island of Japan - 1-2M soldiers Soviets - plans for huge navy scuttled, focus on submarines USA - Jul1946 Bikini Atoll Pacific A-bomb navy test on 95 obsolete warships no crews, but instruments, animals most warships remain afloat, no human abord would have survived long 04Nov1949 NATO formed, US pledges nuclear defense of Europe Volodymyr Zablosky, Russian naval historian, Kiev Soviet A-bomb created, spent billions instead of rebuilding country 29Aug1949 first Soviet bomb detonated, RDS-1 from now on all-out war would be nuclear German XX1 subs captured by submarines become Soviet prototype USA SOSUS stations of underwater sonar 1955 USS Nautilus submarine - doesn't have to surface for weeks Soviet K-3 nuclear sub in 1958, faster than US subs bases in Kamchatka, Vlasdivostok , Kola Peninsula, secret base being built in Mariel Cuba both [Soviet, US] nuclear subs more noise than diesel 16Oct1962 US spy planes discover Cuban launching pads President Kennedy establishes naval blockage around Cuba Tanis Watson, navala cadet in FL Kruschev agrees to remove missiles, Castro wanted to launch nukes US submerged missile launch capability tipped balance, on 9 subs Soviets develop attack subs Volodymyr Golovanov in Soviet Navy since 1964 simulator taining once a week US subs almost impossible to detect Soviet 675 project to counter, double hull, but must surface 10min to fire missiles US aircraft carriers, 6 watches/day develops nuclear aircraft carriers, 1st launched 1961 USS Enterprise, 8 nuclear reactors, 33 knots (63 mph) angled take-off deck - separates land, take-off 14Jan1969 USS Enterprise operational readiness exercise "huffers" to tow aircraft, jet engine ignites planes on flight deck fires close in on nuclear reactors, flames extinguished in fours hours, loss of [aircraft, men] Vietnam - USS Enterprise etc bombing runs, but can't win that way Patrol Craft Fast (swift boats) 21 knots, almost no protection Guy Gugliotta, Commandant de Swift Boat, May 1970 to Vietnam crews modify swift boats 16May1970 in Mekong Delta, Guy Gugliotta's boat under fire, damaged passed replacement crews in total silence 04Jul1974 Pacific Ocean 2.7 Mm NW of Hawaii research boat sea nodules official mission real reason - recover Soviet nuclear sub K-129, SOSA location 5 km down+ 1975 US 2nd gen nuclear aircraft carrier into service Soviets want >=1 nuclear aircraft carrier, Soviets deliberately inferior to US 90 aircraft on US, 13 Soviet on Kieve class to search subs 1981 US launches [new, big]er nuclear Ohio class subs 24 nuclear missles, each with up to 145 warheads extremely quiet - undetectable 1979 Volodymyr Golovanov gets command of type 667BDR sub, Soviet's most advanced 16 missiles R-29, 7 warheads each, launch under-water, >9Mm range Loic Raffaelli Vice-admiral d'escadre de la Marine nationale 1979 new French F70 frigates, fingerprint signatures helicopters with sonar buoys Soviet land-based aircraft as defence, Tupolov Tu-16 main anti-ship aircraft Sergei Orlov pilot 2 KSR-5 anti-ship cruise missiles [conventional, muclear], 700 km range Tu-22M twice as fast as predecessor Tannis Watson, 17 years on US aircraft carriers +-----+ https://www.netflix.com/watch/81316948 01Oct1987 President Gorbachev visits Russian Kirov @ Severomorsk (hdqtrs Soviet Northern fleet) no guns, all anti-[ship, air, sub] missiles Americans have no equivalent, largest battleships are mothballed Iowa class from WWII Mike Sitzer, US sailor, joins Navy and USS Wisconsin battleship (Iowa class, last battleship upgraded) US deployed Tomahawk cruise missiles - nuc and non-nuc versions Soviets had to track all ships with them, but beyond its resources 17Jan1991 Iraq invades US RRQ-2 Pioneer early generation drone [, in-]visible light, USS Wisconsin's targeting computers hit what drones point out 23Feb1991 near Kuwait City, Iraqi soldiers surrender to Pioneer drone 1st time field troops surrender to a robot 28Feb1991 USS Wisconsin fires final salvos at Iraq 30Sep1991 USS Wisoconsin mothballed again, this time probably for good 08Aug2000 USS Cole, Arleigh class destroyers protect aircraft carriers 12Aug2000 Cole takes on fuel in Yemeni capital of Aden 17 US sailors killed by suicide terrorists in small boat 11Sep2001 World Trade Center Jean-Philippe Rolland, Amiral, matine nationale 2003 assigned to Charles De Gaulle aircraft carrier togerther with US Navy aircraft, French bomb Al Queda hideouts in Afganistan Jean-Philippe Rolland - advantages of terrorists Swedish HSwMS Gotland submarine, 2*each[Stirling+liquid O2, diesel] engines bullshit it gets 2 weeks operation - maybe just sitting there picking their noses O2 is not for real work, just as a kind of Battery pack of energy not so much power, but perhaps better than bsatteries especially W/kg US leases sub+crew from Swedish Navy 27Jun2005 Gotland arrives in San Diego Paula Wallenburg Navigation Officer 06Dec2005 USS Ronald Regan aircraft carrier and strike group as test target Howell : Chinese did same with sub in ~20015-2020? Somalia + terrorists, role of navies in Gulf of Aden France sends frigate Lafayette German frigate Lubeck China Liaoning aircraft carrier - converted from Ukrainian ship (Soviet Navy relic) under guise as casino in Macau oil-fired steam turbines - insufficient steam power for catapult take-off pilots practive [land, take-off] on land-replica of flight deck 25Sep2012 enters service officially Oct2013 US Gerald R Ford aircraft carrier (ACC) launched, 1st of 3rd generation nuclearACC improved flight deck design improves [take-off, land] electromagnetic catapults - [small, light]er & increase maximum take-off frequency ACC comparison : len(m) weigh(kt) sailors aircraft China Liaoning 304 67kt 2.626 40= 26*J-15 + 12*Z-18 + 2*Z-9 USS US Gerald R Ford 333 ~100kt 4.539 75= 48*F/A-18 + 6*E-2D + 6*EA-18G + 8*HH-60H J-15 = Shenyang J-15 fighter Z-18 = Changehe Z-18 helicopter, Anti-SubWar (ASW) + ?transport? Z-9 = Harbin Z-9 ?transport? F/A-18 = Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter-bombers E-2D = Northrop Grumman E-2D Hawkeye radar aircraft EA-18G = EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft HH-60H = Sikorsky HH-60H Seahawk anti-sub ewarefare and transport carrier effectiveness : how many flight ops / day Russia Black Sea fleet, 2014 annex Crimea from Ukraine Russian Poseiden nuclear [power, arm]ed torpedo, 10 Mm range at great depth, ?auto?-steer up to now sub-launch easy to detect - not Poseiden 100 Mton warhead, >6k more powerful than Hiroshima 30Oct1961 Arctique sovietique explosion de la "bombe Tsar" 50Mt - largest to date Poseiden would be twice as destructive Budget militaire 2019 (G$ - Howell: but probably not "Purchasing Power Parity" (PPP)) total marine shipT cruiser destroyer USA (G$) 719 194 366 24 67 China 266 ??? 503 Russia 64 ??? 340 >40% of all civilian ships worldwide built in China, 2nd aircraft carrier coming #08********08 #] 01Dec2023 Meltdown: Three Mile Island 28Mar1979 (initial watch 30Nov2023) 4 episodes Susquehanna River PA near Harrisburg https://www.netflix.com/watch/81241561 d_images: /home/bill/web/Personal/Entertainment/images- Three Mile Island/ Episode 1 The Accident kids impressions of it blowing up? stupid reflection of parents' panics unknown, lack of trust from other issues Middletown PA- 11k residents, good river cooling, went commerical 1978 just before accident dumb bitch lived across river from plant, had no clue what nuclear energy was Day 1, 28Mar1979 Contrast: American stupidity versus Russia Chernobyl, Japan Fukishima boss ordered shut down pumps!!! fucking moron!! was this actually tyhe order? one guy figured out that relief valve stuck open American operator employees ran to safety China Syndrom movie had come out 12 days before, paralleled Three Mile Island (Jack ?Nicholas - two guys living together series, Jane Fonda), movie was in Pennsylvania - people couldn't understand coincidence 13:50 large thud heard in control room, pressure spike in containment building operators identified everything running normal within hour, radiation in control room "cluster-fuck in the control room" had no idea if radiation being released to public news report 16 miles away low radiation, could be dangerous at gate of plant company didn't report release "because nobody asked" - governor was dumbfounded mayor said was told no problem, didn't trust 20:00 control room took off respirators, whole drive towards stability, get one of coolant pumps in service concerned coolant would damage pump radiation checks outside plant all through night Day 2, 29Mar1979 Edison manager said had ?? plants, no member of public had been hurt - 1st for power industry boron check to shut down reactor completely ?Ben? technician stepped forward to check "no wasted [energy time] to do check (what? that's stupid - one MUST explore!) manually opened valves, collected sample, Ben contaminated by badge reading, 100 times safe level, an hour shower - still contaminated boron contamination was very low plant inside 1 M times more than normal journalists from around world came to town, felt they were being bullshitted "$d_images"'Lake H. Barrett, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.png' China Syndrom "Jane Fonda's meltdown" Other states worried same thing would happen at their plants 22:00 NRC un-named told governor that people were being misled now public mistrusted NRC Day 3, 30Mar1979 company confirmed continuous release of radioactive gas radiation going up, not a lot, but a concern decision not to evacuate one guy 1,200 mRem/hr calc'd as evac level was shocked that helicopter reported that level "even during an evacuation, people lose their lives" 3 mile area warned of potential evacuation, 10 mile radius stay indoors suddenly siren goes off - no idea what was going on Episode 2 Women and children first Day 3 still disagreement within NucRegCom as to right decision announcement for "susceptible people" within 5 miles evacuate child at time : for movie said traffic lined up to evacuate Thornburg "no order to evacuate, don't move at this time, be prepared" Bill Scranton, Lt. Governor: panic set in from Thornburg statement Joyce Corradi - mother of pre-school child, we need to go to husband nearly half population left town that day protections against looting put in officials stated 30,000 rems/hr in lant, 75 times lethal dose for human plume was heading North with wind - exactly where many evacuated many people had nowhere to go ?name1? manage of information was one of great challenges of the crisis Governor Thornburgh called the President Jessica Mathews, Office of Global Issues, was point person for accident Thornburgh asked President for one person on ground to manage the situation, to speak to the press President Cartyer had led 22 men down into Chalk River plant where a meltdown had occurred Carter dispatched his personal representative Harold Denton, Chief Operations Officer of NRC concerned about the state of the core, ?hydrogen? bubble in the reactor ?name1? - this could explode, 1dst time he got scared Michio Kawato - new stage of incident, happened at 1986 Chernobyl ?name2? possibilitiies of massive meltdown are : >10s or thousands of deaths >100k cancers contamination of thousands of square miles of land Day 4 1 k engineers called on site discussions about evacuating >1M people Paul Chritchlow, Press Secretary, Saturday night AP bulletin ?name1? rumours amplified ?woman? concern was lasting impact on nuclear industry Presient decided to personally visit reactor to allay excessive fears ?man? President mainly defended nuclear plants Carter setup expert commission to investigate ?man3? had to release radioactivity to lower pressure Day 7 ?woman? lot of dead fish ?man? on some days you had metallic taste in mouth ?boy? in 3 days across from plant, did get sore throats ?mother? - son threw up green mucous ?woman? girl who had rode around on a bike all day - many areas of dying skin (lesions) people called for TMI shutdown 1977 TMI Alert group formed, turned from pariah to messiah ?woamn? noted that NRC answers to same question at different places weren't same Oct 1979 6 months after accident Craig Faust, Control Room Operator, shut down the coolant pumps William Zewe, Shift Supervisor, failure to recognize relief valve was open was worst Edward Fredereick, Control Room Operator, throttled high-pressure injection ?man? - thought operator would always assist you in a problem saw that "well-meaning actions in their mind" under conditions never trained for, was very detrimental to cooling of the core many cases of mis-[communication, understanding] they were a little lost Harold Denton, NucRegCom (Carter's man) - of 6 things that went wrongh 4.5 human error 1 equipment malfunction 1 design error Chairman of Commission shocked that years before accident, problems with pressure safety valves of Babcock & Wilson reactors should have forwarned of the possibility of accident Jim Crewell, NRC inspector - NRC philosophy that these accidents couldn't happen Peter Bradford - Creswell had been sent to look into a set of events @ Davis-Besse nucclear power plant in Ohio Creswell requested an appointment with me about the valve issues met just 6 days before TMI accident issued memo that this be treated with urgency response on 2nd day of TMI accident "You really don't have to be worried about this sequence" ?man? TMI didn't have to happen, if the NRC would just listen to their staff not a culture of safety, culture of bottom line President's commission was a whitewash Floyd Lewis, Nuclear Industry Spokesman - President's commision message "proceed, but proceed with caution" 44,00 people evacuated, 18.2 M$ evacuation expenses and lost wages Joyce - when [fire, hurrican]s over - come back and rebuild, nuclear ploblem still here Jul1982 3y after accident ?man? quick look sent into core to survey damage ?man? debate over what would see upper one-half of core collapsed as molten mess far more damage than ANYBODY had thought Mitsou Kawtat (spelling) - we came within 30 minuteds of explosion tearing entire reactor apart Episode 3 The Whistleblower Mar1983 4y after accident "$d_images"'Rick Parks, Nuclear Power Plant Operator US Navy.png' (frequent narrator ?name1 or something?) Vietnam drafted - only 6y power plant training available in US Navy 50k$ education one of few non-degreed guys, both sons when I was in Navy Navy busted his butt - had to be responsible TMI changed public's perception, Parks believed in nuclear energy - volunteered for cleanup, wife killed in car wreck 3 weeks before started on cleanup "$d_images"'Lake H. Barett, NRC director of TMI cleanup.png' appointed 1980 as director, TMI cost 790M$ tio build, est'd 1G$ cleanup Bechtel got cleanup contract 9ft radioactive water in basement, krypton gas, melted core to cleanup radon gas venting -bad public action "$d_images"'Paula Kinney, Middletown resident, mother.png' never used to question before, now question everything "$d_images"'Joyce Corradi, Middletown resident, mother.png' want to know [options, what we can do, how you protect us] left Middletown - couldn't stand more anxiety other people living close to plant decided to leave Barret sick of people being traumatized by news Parks - experience told him that Bechtel would take every shortcut possible refused to do volunteer reactor entry - don't know what you are walking into people limited to minutes inside, took months cleanup costs soared Parks - over budget, over schedule] - no additional dollars until Bechtel hit milestones "$d_images"'Larry King, Director of TMI unit 2 cleanup operations.png' got off to bad start with Bechtel, wnted to do it right first time, Bechtel wanted to rush Parks - core meltdown, polar crane to remove, all new [cable, brake]s but not down King - not happy with crane renno wouldn't sign to lift reactor head, VP Bechtel got angry "Organizations rot from the top down, they do not rot from the bottom up" (opposite of Howell's impression) "you are flirting with tickling the belly of the dragon" polar crane 170 ton capacity - could damage creactive vessel, get super-criticality would have to evacuate East Pennsylvania news - estimated got 30-60 minutes to meltdown Unit 1 - people afraid of startup, public opposition coalesced Paula Kinney - police took names of people attending protests Joyce Corradi - I asked Paula "why are they here?", phones being tapped Parks - found people of Middletown to be nice, reasonable, started dating "$d_images"'Nikki ????.png' liked King, kept having nightmares, comforted that King would take care of them you had to show unfailing protection of public Parks told NRC of Bechtel's attitude Barrett didn't agree, we analysed and Barrett approved Parks - NRC playing patty-cake with utility They put his car out of action 17Mar2083 5 days before polar crane lift "$d_images"'Billie Garde, Govt Accountability Project.png' phone call - guy said had issues with nuclear plant, needed hlep wouldn't say name or name of nuclear plant meet in bar, Billie had been whistleblower, lost custody of kids for a year Karen Silkwood - chemical company employee conceerned over safety, died in car run off road on way to meet a reporter "$d_images"'Tom Devine, Govt Accountability Project senior lawyer maybe.png' meeting developed affadavit meanwhile, someone broke into Rick Park's appartment, riffled documents Rick had taken key docs with him - otherwise no case Rick "I will no hesitate to kill to protect my sons." this made Rick an enemy for life police showed up - Rick went public Episode 4 Fallout 20Mar1983 2 days before polatr crane lift Parks - I took break-in that GPU (utility?) and Bechtel were trying to send me a message "$d_images"'Tom Devine, Govt Accountability Project senior lawyer maybe.png' I know there was a credibilty problem with the local police. Parks couldn't trust them Tom contacted FBI and they came into the scene ?woman FBI? whenever we talk to whistleblowers in the nuclear industry, we always know that they are in danger. There were indications that the entire story about TMI, going back to the accident, was a massive cover-up by the company and the NRC. Rick's story could help kill the nuclear industryy Rick - my first question to FBI "should I get my sons out of here?" FBI officer said "Considering what you;'re about to go through, I think it would be a good idea." I have fears like everybody, but I didn't have a choice, I had to prevent it I knew it would cost my relationship with wife "B", she went to her Mom's Harrisburg "$d_images"'Nicole, Parks daughter.png' Mom said things would work out probably would be the last time I would see Rick Park - have to pay consequences of decisions you make. I did, didn't make it easier 22Mar1983 day of polar crane lift "$d_images"'Billie Garde, Govt Accountability Project.png' that day, with little to no sleep, I had to deliver affidavit before NRC vote NRC news announce - Parks charges General Public Utilities and Bechtel with reprisals and harassment "$d_images"'Tom Devine, Govt Accountability Project senior lawyer maybe.png' General Public Utilities and Bechtel held press conference to rebut "$d_images"'Robert Arnold, President GPU Nuclear.png' Billie - At the same time as press conferences, I delivered the affidavit to the commission. concerned commission would just blow ahead Parks press statement I've always been an advocate of nuclearn power and I still am. But I'm not an advocate of that kind of management system. don't care if I still have my job Billie - commission said "We're not gonna allow the polar crane to proceed with the cleanup operations." "$d_images"'Lake H. Barrett, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.png' as far as I'm concerned, we dealth with public health and safety to get the clean-up done. That was my focus Parks - utility laid people off, blamed Rick Parks' bullshit allegations" "$d_images"'Tom Devine, Govt Accountability Project senior lawyer maybe.png' Apr1983 4y after accident "$d_images"'Joanne Doroshow, Lead Counsel TMI Alert.png' "This was the worst commercial accident in US history, but nobody died, let's move on." month before the accident, management was falsifying leak data to avoid plant shutdown US government deemed criminal misconduct worst failure that put people in extreme peril - company lied 1st day of accident 13:15 loud thud, lights out momentarily, everyone in control room [saw, heard, felt] "$d_images"'Lake H. Barrett, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.png' they had released hydrogen gas into the containment Parks - it was an explosion Joanne - the control room knew that day that they had had a hydogen [burn, explosion] could have had hundreds of thousands of people dying, the entire area of Central Pennsylvania permanently contaminated by radiation company lawyer got a number of them to change their story to "No, no, we didn't think that the hydrogen burn was significant that first day." "$d_images"'Dick Dubiel, supervisor of radiation protection durong the accident.png' Joanne "$d_images"'Jack Herbein, VP, Metropolitaan Edison.png' "$d_images"'Walter Cretiz, President, Metopolitan Edison.png' 24Jul1984 polar crane lift Parks - crane failed when used, I had been fired [Bob Arnold GPU managemnt?, Lake Barrett] resigned Barrett I didn't resign, I asked to be transferred so my son could start high school in Maryland May1985 6y after accident ?man? "You're not going to let a felon operate a nuclear power plant, are you?" 29May1985 Unit 1 restart vote by NRC Joanne - Industry learned that you can [lie, cheat, falsify] documents, [intimidate, harass] workers, be convicted of a crime, and you can get a license to operate a nuclear power plant. Parks - left TMI put as much distance in my mind between myself and TMI "$d_images"'Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Engineer.png' problem is a lot of data never got into a rigorous scientific analysis There was no historical basis to know what to do at TMI so NRC had no real organized plan Parks most of radiation in first 3 days, but didn't have any high-level radiation monitoring equipment became a scientific wild-ass guess as to radiation release "$d_images"'Paula Kinney, Middletown resident, mother.png' State health department promised life-long follow-up of residents within 5 mile radius "$d_images"'Joyce Corradi, Middletown resident, mother.png' as study went on, we weren't being contacted Paula contacted neighborhood friend who worked on survey Paula - they told me that you're not in a 5 mile radius Joyce - that's an absolute lie "$d_images"'Ed Houser, supervisor of chemistry during the accident.png' they monitored me for a number of years, I had no long-term ill effects from it man - nobody in right mind would say no radiation effect within 2y of accident - not how the cancers work, could affect children's lives Paula - my husband was diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease of thyroid endocrinologist asked him if he happened to live near TMI I remember thinking my kids were doomed just recently, my youngest daughter had a fibroid tumor over 10# Joyce - issue of community cancer very personal to me I've had cancer myself, my daughter at 18 had non-Hodgkin's lymphona Barrett - I don't think those illnesses had anything to do with TMI "$d_images"'Arnie Gundersen, Nuclear Engineer.png' lead endocrinologist investigating impacts look downwind (up-river) for effects found 2-3 times higher incidence of cancer "$d_images"'Nicole, Parks daughter.png' 2y ago, around [arm, breasts] down to pelvis area was covered in lymphona Parks - coughs - I have no [salivary, lymph] glans on left side of face sometimes it chokes me to the point I can't talk from throat cancer, I was a smoker, but I think it was from my nuclear work "$d_images"'Nicole, Parks daughter.png' Rick Parks reaching out to me when he found out I had cancer like it's time that we tell the story Parks - what happened to me after I left I paid a price, it destroyed my life - your Mom (Parks' wife) Nicole I don't think there should be collateral damage for someone who is trying to do the right thing for the right reasons 1986 Chernobyl hasn't been a single order for a new nuclear power plant in hte US since 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant newscast - number of nuclear plants shutting down in next 10 years, nuclear from 21% to 7% Parks - you can't have a profit motive over-riding nuclear safety (Howell - Russia isn't profit-motive, they are socialists, Parks' identified management (organisations) as the problem. It's highly qualified stupid people.) #08********08 #] 16Oct2023 Ordinary Men: The "Forgotten Holocaust" - German based, Brit commentary (listed, watched 16Oct2023) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81672035 Brian Cox, narrator - amazing!! soldiers did NOT have to kill civilians, no documentation of any being shot for not killing Jews volunteers avoided front line duty, 6 month training picked men synpatheitic to Nationalist cause. ?20-30,000? volunteers Oct or Nov1939 in Poland began to shoot Polish civilians [resistance fighters, clergy, intellectuals, Jews]*[drive out, deport] 2 years later - Barbarossa - conquest, annialation, 30 million Soviets to die to free up space mobile killing units of [police, SS] "Einsatzgruppen" back up troops in combat 28Jun1941 police battalion 309 enters Bialystok, 800 Jews locked in synagogue & set on fire 18,000 men advance behind the front many police appalled - one reason for camps like Auschwitz mass murder more effective 1/2 (3M) died in death camps in gas chambers ~1M died by conditions of incarceration - starving, pandemics, death marches @end of war maybe 1M bshot by police? mistake 1 : records kept of everything, kept in Berlin mistake 2 : Benjamin Ferenz (very old retired US lawyer in film) found the records Neuremburg trials, Ferenz is taked with finding out who did the killings not just who ordered them 1947 significant find: one of his researchers finds "Ereignismeldungen aus der UDSSR" from SS Einsatzgruppen Ferenz added by adding machine, at 1M stopped - that's enough he became chief prosecutor for the biggest murder trial in history accused are 24 men of SS Einsatzgruppen, leaders of mobile killing units German commentator (?social psychology?) - some had double doctoral degrees they were unlike normal descriptions provided mostly middle-class, educated, really sophisticated people Otto Ohlendorf, head of Einsatzgrippe D. ordered his 600 men murdered 90,000 in one year made a good impression on Ferenz father of five children, honest woman commentator - handsome guy, articulate, self-assured people were expcting ugly, old, sadistic, etc, she doesn't understand it Ohlendorf made clear statements to allies during interrogation in 1946 Hamburg reserve police batallion 101, executed 1,500 Jewish [men, women, children] policemen unprepared for what awaits them had not been instructed on how to do firing squad massacre, improvised one-on-one killing at point blank range, conversation on way eg cinema owner killer attended in ?Hamburg? many killers upset, ?dysfunction? from what they did, most couldn't eat some had nightmares that night couldn't imagine doing it again high-ranking SS officer proposed psychological support for those distraught Otto Ohlendorf said "My men suffered more than the victims" psychologist says that's an absurd interpretation to make them feel better cast themselves as victims Ferenz (100 years old) - Ohlendorf Mitleid with his men of they had to do something painful some smashed heads to save ammunition, Ohlendorf wouldn't allow that had them kill mother & child together, stop mothers from crying Ohelndorf said he was simply being loyal to his government to order the killings Fuhrer's oders Nazi propaganda : Jews responsible for communism in Soviet Union, enemies of Reich believed by Ohlendorf, taught that in university Dina Pronicheva, survivor testified in court after war, 1946, played dead most men in battalion 101 were not Nazis by conviction 20 years after war tsome described the experienced murder of Jews angry that we had become animals, murderers we didn't see Jews as human beings Christopher Browning, first massacre of Jews in Jozefow, very upsettin, traumatic the speed at which they became habituated to what they were doing was one fo the real surprises to me, men can describe first few, after that can't even remember which town Welzer - ?who? - they could refuse to kill, but told they were forcing their comrades to do it has to be done, it was their job, pressure led most of them to do it Lamazy, Poland 17Aug1942 1,700 Jews by police battalion 101 only a few policemen refuse to kill, called sissy, bastard, insulted, Welzer - not motivated to kill Jews, but by peer belonging one officer wanter to participate in mens' killing, but body broke down men thought this was terribly cowardly, he was desperately embarrassed officer Wohlauf had married in June before 1st massacre, ambitious Browning - officer Wolauf takes bride to a ghetto clearing, most horrible of entire operation Miedzyrzec, 11,000 Jews, 1,000 shot just in ghetto clearing operation other 10,000 on train to Treblinka Wohlauf is proud of what he was doing after state falls apart, no motivation to kill Hilary Earl - if the state says if this is the group we hate ... Lemberg pictures summer 1941 - civilians attack Jews ?who - German psychologist, frequent commentator? - murders done by thinking people comprehended what they were doing Lubny, Ukraine 16Oct1941 Ohlendorf doesn't show slightest hint of remorse Major Wilhelm Trapp - if we lose war, God have mercy on us Germans men desensitized by constant killing Christopher Browning - over time batallion spit into 3 groups those who enjoy killing others Hartwig Gnade - [brutal, sadistic] murderer who takes pleasure torturing victims before shot, victims crawl naked to pit while being beaten passive ones did what they were told but didn't take initiative objectors Lieutenant Heinz Bumann - transferred back to Hamburg after just a few weeks Stephan Kuhl, Sociologist - someone would say indisposed, felt too weak that day but this wasn't an act of resistance, just to extract person not to affect rest of batallion Reserve police battalion 101 involved in shooting of 38,000 Jews, 45,000 sent to camps ?Stephan Kuhl? - you don't need to act out of conviction, to be motivated by ideology Brian Cox, narrator - over 130 police battalions during WWII Hamburg battalion has 4th highest murder rate Browning - 101 is atypical, making it more frightening without [any preparation, selection, indoctrination, Nazification] nonetheless became one of most prolific killing units Brian Cox, narrator - Nuremberg 10Apr1948 day of verdict Ferenz - death by hanging, death house right underneath court house talked to Ohlendorf (never had talked to any out of courthouse) no sign of regret, would shoot own sister if he had to they were not monsters, eg President Truman dropped bomb on Hiroshima no doubt that Ohlendorf was a patriotic German, interest of country Brian Cox, narrator - after war Germans want to forget so do 60,000 police officers involved in mass shootings many stay in law enforcement after 1945 only in 1950s does it become clear extent ordinary Germans involved in Holocaust judiciary investigates >172,000 men including [SS, Gestapo, police] <500 are convicted Stefan Klemp, Historian - judiciary was a disaster, lack of will to punish Brian Cox, narrator - 210 Hamberg police are questioned, 14 charged in 1967 Julius Wolhauf is also prosecuted (amn who brought his wife to Poland) Christopher Browning - many of these men view themselves as double victims chosen to do dirtiest job in the Reich then victims of ex post facto new morality or law - unfair to them (was legal) consumed with self-pity, not guilt, poor me not the victim only 2 defendants have to serve a prison sentence, incl Julius Wolhauf 83,000 murdered, none of them feels guilty, they were stooges on the ground each had freedom of choice, they didn't have to kill Christopher Browning - regimes that want to kill will never lack people to do it Harald Welzer, social pyschologist - there have been several genocides since the Holocaust massacres and mass murders cog in wheel justifies Brian Cox, narrator - Srebrenica, Bosnia 1995 more than 8,000 people murdered Rwanda 1994 >800,000 civilians murdered My Lai, Vietnam 1968 504 civilians murdered, 173 children (56 babies) Christopher Browning - we like to think we are amsters of our own destiny I think we are more shaped by things we cannot control the way we gain more control is simply by being more conscience of them ?his book? book "Ordinary Men" - so people become more aware of our [vulnerability, malleability] so we take a more conscious descision than otherwise ?female commenator? - we want to distance perpetrators because we don't want to see ourselves in morror we want to believe we would never do what they did we all have the potential to do that #08********08 #] 08Jun2023 cinema new Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny - search "antiquary" see velow: Antikythera_mechanism also - Dionysus was mentioned? - in "God Star" series +-----+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Dial_of_Destiny Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny "... Archimedes' Dial, an Antikythera mechanism built by the ancient Syracusan mathematician Archimedes that reveals fissures in time, allowing for possible time travel. ..." +-----+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism >> This is the clock-like mechanism of 2nd century BC (below: found in 1901) The Antikythera mechanism (/ˌæntɪkɪˈθɪərə/ AN-tih-kih-THEER-ə) is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery, described as the oldest known example of an analogue computer[1][2][3] used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.[4][5][6] It could also be used to track the four-year cycle of athletic games which was similar to an Olympiad, the cycle of the ancient Olympic Games.[7][8][9] This artefact was among wreckage retrieved from a shipwreck off the coast of the Greek island Antikythera in 1901.[10][11] On 17 May 1902, it was identified by archaeologist Valerios Stais[12] as containing a gear. The device, housed in the remains of a wooden-framed case of (uncertain) overall size 34 cm × 18 cm × 9 cm (13.4 in × 7.1 in × 3.5 in),[13][14] was found as one lump, later separated into three main fragments which are now divided into 82 separate fragments after conservation efforts. Four of these fragments contain gears, while inscriptions are found on many others.[13][14] The largest gear is approximately 13 centimetres (5.1 in) in diameter and originally had 223 teeth.[15] In 2008, a team from Cardiff University used computer x-ray tomography and high resolution surface scanning to image inside fragments of the crust-encased mechanism and read the faintest inscriptions that once covered the outer casing of the machine. This suggests it had 37 meshing bronze gears enabling it to follow the movements of the Moon and the Sun through the zodiac, to predict eclipses and to model the irregular orbit of the Moon, where the Moon's velocity is higher in its perigee than in its apogee. This motion was studied in the 2nd century BC by astronomer Hipparchus of Rhodes, and it is speculated he may have been consulted in the machine's construction.[16] There is speculation that a portion of the mechanism is missing and it also calculated the positions of the five classical planets. The instrument is believed to have been designed and constructed by Greek scientists and has been dated to about 87 BC,[17] between 150 and 100 BC,[4] or 205 BC.[18][19] It must have been constructed before the shipwreck, which has been dated by multiple lines of evidence to approximately 70–60 BC.[20][21] In 2022 researchers proposed its initial calibration date, not its construction date, could have been 23 December 178 BC. Other experts propose 204 BC as a more likely calibration date.[22][23] Machines with similar complexity did not appear again until the astronomical clocks of Richard of Wallingford and Giovanni de' Dondi in the 14th century.[24] All known fragments of the mechanism are now kept at the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, along with artistic reconstructions and replicas,[25][26] to demonstrate how it may have looked and worked.[27] #08********08 #] 05Jun2023 The Liberator 10Jul1943 Thunderbirds: USA [cowboys, aboriginal, mexicans] in Italy https://www.netflix.com/watch/81019775 (list 01May2023, start 05Jul2023) search "Netflix the liberator movie series is it true?" https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-history-netflixs-liberator-180976269/ The True History of Netflix’s ‘The Liberator’ The new animated series tells the story of the U.S. Army’s most integrated World War II unit David Kindy, Correspondent, November 11, 2020 During World War II, the U.S. Army’s 45th Infantry Division, one of the most racially integrated units of the era, went into battle wearing on their shoulders the image of the Thunderbird, a supernatural entity said to protect humans from evil spirits and exact vengeance on their moral enemies. Composed of a disparate collection of Native Americans, Mexican Americans and Southwestern cowboys, the Thunderbird Division became known as one of the hardest-fighting combat groups of the war. Premiering Veterans Day, a new Netflix series tells the story of this storied division as it fought across Sicily, Italy, France and into Germany. Based on the book by writer Alex Kershaw, “The Liberator” depicts how the Thunderbirds staggered through a withering 500-plus days of combat in less than two years, exacting a terrible toll on Axis troops while suffering nearly 10,500 casualties during the course of the war. In addition to their impressive war experience, what set the division apart were three of its regiments—the 157th, 179th and 180th, made of young men mostly from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Oklahoma— that brought Mexican Americans and at least 1,500 Native Americans from 50 tribes together as a fighting unit. A cross between “Band of Brothers” and A Scanner Darkly, the four-part miniseries uses animation to tell the real-life story of Felix Sparks, a company commander who eventually rose through the division ranks, and the experiences of the fictional Sergeant Samuel Coldfoot and Corporal Able Gomez, two composite stand-ins for the Indigenous and Mexican American soldiers, respectively, who made up the bulk of the Thunderbird Division. “The two characters are based on several of the people on my book,” says Kershaw, author of The Liberator: One World War II Soldier's 500-Day Odyssey From the Beaches of Sicily to the Gates of Dachau. “When you watch it, a lot of the time you’re looking at a Native American and a Mexican American. You’re looking at a different racial dimension to World War II.” The series and book highlight the truly gripping and powerful drama of the 45th Division. General George S. Patton regarded the Thunderbirds as “one of the best, if not the best division in the history of American arms.” Guy Prestia, a Pennsylvania native, joined the Thunderbird Division just before it left in 1943 for North Africa, the staging area for the invasion of Sicily. The 45th played an important role in the campaign as part of Patton’s Seventh Army, experiencing fierce resistance against the Hermann Göring Division, an elite Nazi Panzer force. Following the conquest of Sicily, Prestia took part in the amphibious landings at Salerno and Anzio on the Italian mainland. The bloody battles took the lives of many men in the Thunderbird Division as they attempted to push inland toward Rome. In May 1944, a Choctaw sergeant named Van Barfoot singlehandedly took out three machine gun nests and captured 17 German soldiers. Later that same day, Barfoot turned back a counterattack of three Nazi Tiger tanks by destroying the lead vehicle with a bazooka. For these feats, he would be given the Congressional Medal of Honor and was also commissioned as a second lieutenant. “I wasn’t far from him,” recalls Prestia, now a spry 98 years old. “That was near Carano in Italy. Barfoot did a lot that day.” Chapter 1 Why we fight looks legit so far, from Salernes, France (not Salerno) to Germany politically-correct modern - help others out of the ditch of anti-racism might not be close to general feelings, but for some... mostly deeply religious good leadership roles Chapter 2 Anzio Chapter 3 The Enemy accurate description of French landing - Germans stretched out too much, almost finished Germany being bombed regularly Chapter 4 Home Felix charged because of machine gunning of wounded German soldiers at Dachau - political with0hunt Howell: other ideas ?Alex Scarborough? was US Marine (maybe soldier) in Anzio, posted to Okinnawa - was "extremely happy" with the 2 nuclear bombs before he got there, as he knew he was going to die. He wrote the first book on ?plate tectonics? (doesn't make sense - Weberr was much earlier, and probably many before him in 1800's), but never got any credit, as a big geologist scientist gets all the credit. #08********08 #] 05Jun2023 Unknown, the lost pyramid (of pharaoh Huni), Egyptian film https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337337 (listed 03Jul2023>, start 05Jul2023) Saqqara, [star, narrator] Dr. Zahi Hawass, archaeologist 5,000 years ago, Egyptians built a city of the dead at the edge of the Western desert was hidden by the sands Hawass: "Saqqara, in my opinion, is the most important and magical site in Egypt" oldest: step pyramid of Djoser only 30% of Egyptian sites have been uncovered never been found- missing pyramid of pharaoh Huni all big finds to date by foreigners - time for Egyptians to make their mark start digs : Bubasteion, sub-project leader ?guy? Gisr El-Mudir, sub-project leader Essam 1 month into digs : Hawass thinks might lead to Huni pyramid, needs to increase to 100 workmen Dr. Waziri called to look at potential tomb entrance (funding?) NO ventilation!?!! 4,000 years ago is a time perhaps as important to ancient Egypt as Renaissance is to Europe Old Kingdom lost as people began to rob [pyramid, tomb]s 3rd month of digging : found 9 statues - very rare for old kingdom, post-looting attempts of past restorators painstaking work to protect flaking gold etc never see Old Kingdom sites with intact cemetary Carter felt he would discover Tutankhamon's tomb intact, Carter & Carnarvon Bubasteion tomb 600 years BC, near end of ancient Egyptian history layers of magical protection designed to prevent disturbances soul is small, buried with small cups (Howell: like homonculus?) most important to ancient Egyptian is that body is in good shape - for Osiris leave in day, back at night life-after-death body destroyed - deprived of life-after-death discovered 153 shafts (with serial chambers) only sand in shaft - was looted mummification popular only at end of ancient Egypt Old Kingdom, only starting to find out how found mummified, not well done,, part of chest deteriorated, won't take out, leave there will leave him in peace 2 months left on dig season Bubasteion another mummy, [strong, strange] smell, could be bacteria or what well sealed, but something wrong happened long ago - perhaps embalment mistake completely oxidised, no writings so can't understand anything about it wooden coffin (!?), in writing: Ahmose name, son of Sekhet by feet bronze cat protective statue, [small, delicate, gold] bird mummy very dry like powder found papyrus inside pocket earler digs in history (?) found [Harris, Ebers, other] papyrus will call this Waziri papyrus in 30 year career, Waziri etc would find only little pieces of papyrus more valuable than gold, learn about history 2nd or 3rd ancient Egyptian papyrus found in such shape sent to papyyrus restoration lab in Cairo humidifation bag for 3 weeks then fumigation Final month of dig season - every day conditions more difficult for team storm can't close mouth Gisr El-Mudir shaft with unlooted burial chambre, stone sarcophagus with inscriptions on outside perfectly sealed Imerah ["the honoured one", "overseer"] Nebet Hut Imerah only for high people, highest title, should be a woman 4,300 years ago, mummified, but [oxidised?, disintegrated] covering [green, blue] headress, gilded canee, black substance on head (mummify face?) maybe oldest beautiful mummy in Egypt no-one in elite would be buried in an isolated site Hawass feel they will find a pyramid 83? meters away - large block Hawass - if Huni, will become famous in history no more tombs, will look for pyramid next season inclined stone (say 1/2*2/3 meter each) walls 40 years teaching archaeologists, cannot teach them passion papyrus unwinding, 1/3 of a mm (dangerous to handle), ~ 9m long [volumous, clear] writing - many lines script not so much like hieroglyphincs - maybe stylized? "These are the words of the god Osiris" contains chapters of the "Book of Death" call it "Waziri Papyri" [awesome, beautiful, clear] drawings! Hawass believes they will discover a pyramid, will take 20 years if you don't have a dream, you will never get to your destination all my dreams are in it, everything I predicted: it became true team still searching for the entrance to the massive structure over 100 meters long, it is one of the largest structures ever found at Saqqara Waziri Papyrus is the [longest, best-preserved] book of the dead eveer found at Saqqara 52 feet long, contains 113 chapters that could revolutionize our understanding of ancient Egyptian belief #08********08 #] 12Jun2023 Regiment Diaries - India's war history, #] this is one of the BEST series on Netflix I've seen!! (list 01May2023, view start 12Jun2023) Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry - defended Pakistan border, near Kashmir in mountains https://www.netflix.com/watch/81155880 awesome tough! Parachute special forces (view start 15Jun2023) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337333 Mahar Regiment (view start 15Jun2023, end 27Jun2023) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337334 several key generals - India's stragegies Kumaon Regiment (view start&end 27Jun2023) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337335 18Nov1962 battle of Rezangla - at 17,000 ft Ladakh 13th battalion of Kumaon regiment of 120 (114 died) killed 1310 Chinese Major Shaiton Singh inadequate ammunition & clothing Gorkha Regiment (view start 27Jun2023) (Gorkha now known as Nepal) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337336 1814 Anglo-Nepalese War - Gorkhas cut trade between British and Nepal British took Malaan Fort (highest peak in region) 400 Gorkhas vs 3,500 Brits Brits won, but praised Gorkhas China [influences, has invested heavily in] Nepal Nepal's Communist party rules (fractions, but all Communist) 23Jun2020 China [occupied, annexed] Nepalese village, seeks complete control of Nepal? https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/china-occupies-nepal-village-oli-government-no-comment-628594 Bengal Engineer Group (start/finish 04Jul2023) https://www.netflix.com/watch/81337337 08********08 #] 07Aug2020 A Guide to Longevity Throughout History https://www.verywellhealth.com/longevity-throughout-history-2224054 A Guide to Longevity Throughout History Increases in Life Span From Prehistory Through the Modern Era By Sharon Basaraba Sharon Basaraba Fact checked by Sheeren Jegtvig on April 24, 2020 08********08 #] 14Mar2020 Pavarti - the Great Betrayal 14Mar2020 21:29 I stopped to go to sleep 18th century India Marathas : ?? Peshwa - emperor ?? Peshwa - son, head of military, killed in Panipat battle Sadashiv Rao Bhau Peshwa - principal character, head of New Delhi campaign Pavarti - wife Govind Pant - general Maljar Rao - general +-----+ Allies : Marathas King Karameer @Ganges waterfall? Peshween Pavarti Bai, Radhika Bai, Mehran Bai Madho Singh, Bijay Singh - 5,000 troops each King Suraj Mal - 10,000 troops Ibrahim Khan - Garhi Muslim thinks Delhi can be captured in 1 day, not 4 because of fortress (good?) General Malhar Rao doesn't trust him - switches alliegences for greed Maharaja Baba Ala Singh - Patiala city, palace once taken - Sikhs allied with Marathas ? remembering the great Shivaji today? Sakina Begum - Hoshiyarganj city, 5,000 soldiers husband died (was this ??), she now has power doesn't trust anyone, keeps away from alliances Sadshiv's wife Pavarti offers to approach her for alliance she agree to join Marathas Unknown : Chandrapu's King ?? - shortage of resources reply to Marathas Araadhak Singh - 5,000 +-----+ Panipat battle negotiation Abdali must return to Khandahar to quell revolt want Marathas to gove back Delhi and stay south of Normada River Sadashiv - out of food, supplies want abdali to return Norht of Attock Panipat battle 14Jan1761 Marathas 75,000, Abdali 150,000 troops Marathas lost, After battle : Shreemant Mdhavrao Peshwa leadership Sardar Mahadji Shide, Sardar Tukoji Holkar re-occupied Dei Nana Khandvis - next hero after Sadashiv Abdali never returned to Hindostan Mughal Emperor Shah Alam kept alive by British reinstated with honor on the throne in Delhi that way the Marathas again established control over all of Hindostan +-----+ Axis : Amad Shah Abdali - Afghan Emperor, invited by ?? to conquer Delhi, then Pur Najib ?? - ?? troops, at ?Delhi? key apparent refusal to pay taxes? killed Maratha messenger sent with ultimatum to collect taxes? Nawak Shuja-ud-Daula - 20,000 troops Rohillabad Fort - across Yamuna River (floods from rains, can't cross) first allied with Marathas, Sadashiv promised to make Wazir of Delhi then joined Abdali, Abdali contract to be Wazir of Hindustan Imad-ul-Mulle - was Wazir of Marathas, protected by Nawak Shuja-ud-Daula he murdered Maratha ?Wazir? ?who? - army of 5,000 arives jt before Panipat battle, delayed by Yamanah river Shah Wali - in charge of army Taimur Sah Abdali - Prince, with army son of Abdali Abdali's brother Sarfaraz trying to take over throne in Khandahar at time of Panipat battle large revolt +-----+ Cities : Doab Rohillabad Fort - East of Yamuna River, [controlled by, headquarters of] Nawak Shuja-ud-Daula Awadi - East of Yamuna River, Agra - closest to Delhi from south Dhalpur Gwajwar Delhi - key target, this Sultanate had repeatedly insulted Maratha's Chhattapati Shivaji Maharaj Kunjpura - North of Delhi, one of Abdali's main forts from there Maraharaj army marched North to meet the sihks, but too far when Abdali crossed the river behind them (cut the supply lines) Panipat - armies to fight https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/haryana/haryana.htm Attock - in Punjab? Rivers : Yamanah - key North-South river, flooded during march North preventing engagement of ratha and Afgan Moguls Normada & Chambal rivers - Marathas crossed on way to Delhi 08********08 #] 21Mar2019 "Wolf" - film about a Turkish anti-terror squad circa 2012-2015 "... Sleeping nations either die or wake up as slaves ..." Mustafa Kemal Ataturk >> Awesome!!! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 08********08 #] 13Mar2019 The Protector https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror Mehmed the Conquerer Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى‎, translit. Meḥmed-i sānī; Modern Turkish: II. Mehmet Turkish pronunciation: [ˈikindʒi mehmet]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmet), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481. In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451 he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest Mehmed claimed the title "Caesar" of the Roman Empire (Qayser-i Rûm), based on the assertion that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the Roman Empire. The claim was only recognized by the Eastern Orthodox Church. >> I thought Saladin conquered Constantinople! https://www.history.com/topics/africa/saladin Saladin (1137/1138–1193) was a Muslim military and political leader who as sultan (or leader) led Islamic forces during the Crusades. Saladin’s greatest triumph over the European Crusaders came at the Battle of Hattin in 1187, which paved the way for Islamic re-conquest of Jerusalem and other Holy Land cities in the Near East. During the subsequent Third Crusade, Saladin was unable to defeat the armies led by England’s King Richard I (the Lionheart), reuslting in the loss of much of this conquered territory. However, he was able to negotiate a truce with Richard I that allowed for continued Muslim control of Jerusalem. On July 4, 1187, the Muslim forces of Saladin (Salah al-Din) decisively defeated the crusader army south of the Horns of Hattin in Palestine, capturing Guy, king of Jerusalem; Reginald of Châtillon, Saladin’s enemy whom he personally killed; over two hundred Knights Hospitaller and Templar Knightly Orders whom he ordered to be killed; and many crusaders whom he ransomed. The remaining captured Christians were sold on the local slave markets. 08********08 #] 11Mar2019 WWII : 1942 and Hitlers soft under-belly S1:Ep1 Narrator does discuss destruction of British Empire by the USA Roosevelt - archaic thinking of Empire - but he& Stalin also trapped US Chief of Staff Heorge Marshll - disagreed with Mediterranean start of British efforts no political ambitions British Dieppe to appease Russians & Americans Howell - Stalin should not hav pushed for a Nomandy invasion - this prevented him from taking all of Europe! 08********08 #] 01Feb2019 Trotsky film S1:E7 29:55 https://www.netflix.com/watch/81025400?trackId=14170286&tctx=2%2C0%2Cf1da3d4e-2025-4685-a6c8-572d2cd8fc21-237684458%2Cfea83929-cc73-4b33-92b1-2e02ec6b65ec_21710838X3XX1549081475982%2Cfea83929-cc73-4b33-92b1-2e02ec6b65ec_ROOT Trotsky film S1:E7 29:55 Trotsky 1918 : "... 30, 50, 70 percent of the population with die, but the rest will follow us into communism. ... The violence will be of biblical proportions. We will abolish the courts, the law. ... [enemies] We will organize the concentration camps; create a working system of suppressing counter-revolutionaries. We will punish not only the guilty ones, but the potential threats as well. We will get to the limits they have no courage ..." 08********08 #] 28Jan2019 Trotsky film S1:E3 41:52 : https://www.netflix.com/watch/81025396?trackId=14170287&tctx=0%2C0%2C372c4dcb-ad2b-4b07-94cd-26ae52341f4e-544228465%2C4a62f4e9-4dd5-47be-90d6-70356a9b9296_13666975X3XX1548738919926%2C4a62f4e9-4dd5-47be-90d6-70356a9b9296_ROOT Trotsky film S1:E3 41:52 : "... Any religion founded on blood is a monster, which sooner or later eats its own children. ..." 08********08 #] 06Dec2018 Hilter Speech to Reichstag 26Apr1942 - Nazi Secret files Epidode E6 #] analysed as Messiah complex >> The people behind the video are "turbic" in the EXTREME [dishonest, dysfunctional, delinquent, hypocritical, backstapping, cowardly, parastitic])!!! MORONS! Their analysis has nothing to do with Hitler's speech! Hitler is BRILLIANT and PROPHETIC and a GREAT LEADER in his analysis of the world situation! "... There is a wise proverb which says that the gods strike blind those whom they wish to destroy. I do not know whether every Englishman today still thinks that Britain acted with wisdom and inspiration when she declined the innumerable proposals for an understanding which I have made since 1933. Nor do I know whether every Englishman today is as convinced that it was wise to refuse my offer of an alliance renewed as late as September 1st, 1939, and to repudiate my peace proposals at the conclusion of the campaign in Poland and France. ...' "... The British Jew, Lord Disraeli, once said that the race problem is the key to the history of the world. We National Socialists have become great in this knowledge. By devoting our attention to the existence of the race problem, we have found the solution for many problems which would have otherwise have seemed incomprehensible ..." "... I regard it as encouraging, for example, that in the wide spaces of the East we were able to construct and operate a network of railways to our own gauge which is today larger than that of all Great Britain. ..." >> Huge cost - couldn't they produce Russian-spec locomotives? Conversion kits? Much easier than fighting the land, faster conquest of Russian territory? "... My delegates, men of the Reichstag, when I was speaking to you last time the East was being enshrouded in a winter such as Europe had not witnessed even in those regions for over 140 years. ..." "... Whoever sees the vast expanses of the east, has to reckon with the psychological burden which destroyed in 1812 the French armies and which just for that reason even as remembrance is still able to paralyze the energy of weak beings. ..." >> YES!! Point missed by all Western intellects, who flippantly address it. But a death-knll to the Nazis. "... Gentlemen, when in 1812 Napoleon's armies swarmed back from Moscow and were finally destroyed the lowest temperatures were in the neighborhood of 25 centigrade below zero. ..." >> Dalton minimu - Hitlerpossibly incorrect? "... But if in England the idea should prevail of carrying on air warfare against the civilian population with new methods, then I should like right now to state the following to the whole world: Mr. Churchill began this warfare in May, 1940. For four months I warned him and waited. Then the time came in which I was compelled to act. The person who was alone responsible for this kind of fighting began to complain. Even now my waiting is no weakness. Let this man not complain and whine again when I find myself compelled to give an answer which will bring very much suffering upon his own people. ..." Howell : Hilter's speech came just as the Enigma information was flowing to the Allies. 08********08 #] 04Dec2018 Nazi Secret files Epidode 5 "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" produced by Czarist secret police to support Jewish pogroms Mufti Amin Al-Husseini, Grubenfuhrer - was he Yasser Arafat's father? -> they say alleged cousin Adolf Eichmann head of death camps Gamal Abdel Nasser - fervent Hitler admirer 08********08 #] 02Dec2018 Circumcision and religion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_male_circumcision Religious male circumcision generally occurs shortly after birth, during childhood or around puberty as part of a rite of passage. Circumcision is most prevalent in the religions of Judaism, Islam, Coptic Christianity, Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Eritrean Orthodox Church. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_female_genital_mutilation Figures from UNICEF in 2016 suggested that FGM is concentrated in 27 African countries, Yemen, Iraqi Kurdistan, and Indonesia. Over 200 million women and girls are thought to be living with it in those 30 countries. The highest percentages are found in Somalia, Guinea, Mali, Egypt, and Sudan, where 87–98 percent of women had experienced it.[11] ... FGM is practised predominantly within certain Muslim societies,[12] but it also exists within some adjacent Christian and animist groups.[13] The practice isn't required by most forms of Islam—indeed, many Muslim scholars have declared it unIslamic.[14][b] However, FGM was introduced in Southeast Asia by the spread of Shafi'i version of Islamic jurisprudence, which considers it obligatory.[1][2][3][15][16] There is mention of it on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE and a possible indirect reference to it on a coffin from Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c. 1991–1786 BCE).[17] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya.[18] The only Jewish group known to have practised it are the Beta Israel of Ethiopia.[c] 08********08 #] ??Nov2018 Nazi Secret Files - advanced systems anti-gravity? orbiting solar reflecting mirror etc very interesting... # enddoc