/media/bill/PROJECTS/Qnial/MY_NDFS/strings- unicode chars by decInt combinations.txt www.BillHowell.ca 01Jun2018 initial There just doesn't seem to be a coherent descriptor of how many bytes are ina a unicode, other than the blog item below. Strange - You apparently have to have ALL unicodes to be able to decipher a small part? #https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5290182/how-many-bytes-does-one-unicode-character-take #How many bytes does one Unicode character take? #Strangely enough, nobody pointed out how to calculate how many bytes is taking one Unicode char. Here is the rule for UTF-8 #encoded strings: #Binary Hex Comments #0xxxxxxx 0x00..0x7F Only byte of a 1-byte character encoding #10xxxxxx 0x80..0xBF Continuation bytes (1-3 continuation bytes) #110xxxxx 0xC0..0xDF First byte of a 2-byte character encoding #1110xxxx 0xE0..0xEF First byte of a 3-byte character encoding #11110xxx 0xF0..0xF4 First byte of a 4-byte character encoding #So the quick answer is: it takes 1 to 4 bytes, depending on the first one which will indicate how many bytes it'll take up. #As prewett pointed out, this rule only applies to UTF-8 #edited Nov 7 '16 at 6:51 #answered Oct 26 '15 at 15:38 #paul.ago # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_symbols is of no help for the general rule of how many characters to expect!! Try 3*2-bytes across -120 to -129 : qnial> a := cart -18 (-120 - tell 8) (-1 * (tell 128)) qnial> mix (tell gage shape a) (EACH char a) +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 0|0 1|0 2|0 3|0 4|0 5|0 6|0 7|0 8|0 9|0 10|0 11|0 12|0 13|0 14|0 15|0 16|0 17|0 18|0 19|0 20|0 21|0 22|0 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 0|1 1|1 2|1 3|1 4|1 5|1 6|1 7|1 8|1 9|1 10|1 11|1 12|1 13|1 14|1 15|1 16|1 17|1 18|1 19|1 20|1 21|1 22|1 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 0|2 1|2 2|2 3|2 4|2 5|2 6|2 7|2 8|2 9|2 10|2 11|2 12|2 13|2 14|2 15|2 16|2 17|2 18|2 19|2 20|2 21|2 22|2 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 0|3 1|3 2|3 3|3 4|3 5|3 6|3 7|3 8|3 9|3 10|3 11|3 12|3 13|3 14|3 15|3 16|3 17|3 18|3 19|3 20|3 21|3 22|3 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 0|4 1|4 2|4 3|4 4|4 5|4 6|4 7|4 8|4 9|4 10|4 11|4 12|4 13|4 14|4 15|4 16|4 17|4 18|4 19|4 20|4 21|4 22|4 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 0|5 1|5 2|5 3|5 4|5 5|5 6|5 7|5 8|5 9|5 10|5 11|5 12|5 13|5 14|5 15|5 16|5 17|5 18|5 19|5 20|5 21|5 22|5 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 0|6 1|6 2|6 3|6 4|6 5|6 6|6 7|6 8|6 9|6 10|6 11|6 12|6 13|6 14|6 15|6 16|6 17|6 18|6 19|6 20|6 21|6 22|6 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 0|7 1|7 2|7 3|7 4|7 5|7 6|7 7|7 8|7 9|7 10|7 11|7 12|7 13|7 14|7 15|7 16|7 17|7 18|7 19|7 20|7 21|7 22|7 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 24|0 25|0 26|0 27|0 28|0 29|0 30|0 31|0 32|0 33|0 34|0 35|0 36|0 37|0 38|0 39|0 40|0 41|0 42|0 43|0 44|0 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 24|1 25|1 26|1 27|1 28|1 29|1 30|1 31|1 32|1 33|1 34|1 35|1 36|1 37|1 38|1 39|1 40|1 41|1 42|1 43|1 44|1 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 24|2 25|2 26|2 27|2 28|2 29|2 30|2 31|2 32|2 33|2 34|2 35|2 36|2 37|2 38|2 39|2 40|2 41|2 42|2 43|2 44|2 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 24|3 25|3 26|3 27|3 28|3 29|3 30|3 31|3 32|3 33|3 34|3 35|3 36|3 37|3 38|3 39|3 40|3 41|3 42|3 43|3 44|3 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 24|4 25|4 26|4 27|4 28|4 29|4 30|4 31|4 32|4 33|4 34|4 35|4 36|4 37|4 38|4 39|4 40|4 41|4 42|4 43|4 44|4 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 24|5 25|5 26|5 27|5 28|5 29|5 30|5 31|5 32|5 33|5 34|5 35|5 36|5 37|5 38|5 39|5 40|5 41|5 42|5 43|5 44|5 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 24|6 25|6 26|6 27|6 28|6 29|6 30|6 31|6 32|6 33|6 34|6 35|6 36|6 37|6 38|6 39|6 40|6 41|6 42|6 43|6 44|6 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 24|7 25|7 26|7 27|7 28|7 29|7 30|7 31|7 32|7 33|7 34|7 35|7 36|7 37|7 38|7 39|7 40|7 41|7 42|7 43|7 44|7 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 46|0 47|0 48|0 49|0 50|0 51|0 52|0 53|0 54|0 55|0 56|0 57|0 58|0 59|0 60|0 61|0 62|0 63|0 64|0 65|0 66|0 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 46|1 47|1 48|1 49|1 50|1 51|1 52|1 53|1 54|1 55|1 56|1 57|1 58|1 59|1 60|1 61|1 62|1 63|1 64|1 65|1 66|1 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 46|2 47|2 48|2 49|2 50|2 51|2 52|2 53|2 54|2 55|2 56|2 57|2 58|2 59|2 60|2 61|2 62|2 63|2 64|2 65|2 66|2 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 46|3 47|3 48|3 49|3 50|3 51|3 52|3 53|3 54|3 55|3 56|3 57|3 58|3 59|3 60|3 61|3 62|3 63|3 64|3 65|3 66|3 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 46|4 47|4 48|4 49|4 50|4 51|4 52|4 53|4 54|4 55|4 56|4 57|4 58|4 59|4 60|4 61|4 62|4 63|4 64|4 65|4 66|4 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 46|5 47|5 48|5 49|5 50|5 51|5 52|5 53|5 54|5 55|5 56|5 57|5 58|5 59|5 60|5 61|5 62|5 63|5 64|5 65|5 66|5 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 46|6 47|6 48|6 49|6 50|6 51|6 52|6 53|6 54|6 55|6 56|6 57|6 58|6 59|6 60|6 61|6 62|6 63|6 64|6 65|6 66|6 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 46|7 47|7 48|7 49|7 50|7 51|7 52|7 53|7 54|7 55|7 56|7 57|7 58|7 59|7 60|7 61|7 62|7 63|7 64|7 65|7 66|7 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 68|0 69|0 70|0 71|0 72|0 73|0 74|0 75|0 76|0 77|0 78|0 79|0 80|0 81|0 82|0 83|0 84|0 85|0 86|0 87|0 88|0 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 68|1 69|1 70|1 71|1 72|1 73|1 74|1 75|1 76|1 77|1 78|1 79|1 80|1 81|1 82|1 83|1 84|1 85|1 86|1 87|1 88|1 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 68|2 69|2 70|2 71|2 72|2 73|2 74|2 75|2 76|2 77|2 78|2 79|2 80|2 81|2 82|2 83|2 84|2 85|2 86|2 87|2 88|2 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 68|3 69|3 70|3 71|3 72|3 73|3 74|3 75|3 76|3 77|3 78|3 79|3 80|3 81|3 82|3 83|3 84|3 85|3 86|3 87|3 88|3 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 68|4 69|4 70|4 71|4 72|4 73|4 74|4 75|4 76|4 77|4 78|4 79|4 80|4 81|4 82|4 83|4 84|4 85|4 86|4 87|4 88|4 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 68|5 69|5 70|5 71|5 72|5 73|5 74|5 75|5 76|5 77|5 78|5 79|5 80|5 81|5 82|5 83|5 84|5 85|5 86|5 87|5 88|5 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 68|6 69|6 70|6 71|6 72|6 73|6 74|6 75|6 76|6 77|6 78|6 79|6 80|6 81|6 82|6 83|6 84|6 85|6 86|6 87|6 88|6 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 68|7 69|7 70|7 71|7 72|7 73|7 74|7 75|7 76|7 77|7 78|7 79|7 80|7 81|7 82|7 83|7 84|7 85|7 86|7 87|7 88|7 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |0 90|0 91|0 92|0 93|0 94|0 95|0 96|0 97|0 98|0 99|0 100|0 101|0 102|0 103|0 104|0 105|0 106|0 107|0 108|0 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |1 90|1 91|1 92|1 93|1 94|1 95|1 96|1 97|1 98|1 99|1 100|1 101|1 102|1 103|1 104|1 105|1 106|1 107|1 108|1 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |2 90|2 91|2 92|2 93|2 94|2 95|2 96|2 97|2 98|2 99|2 100|2 101|2 102|2 103|2 104|2 105|2 106|2 107|2 108|2 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |3 90|3 91|3 92|3 93|3 94|3 95|3 96|3 97|3 98|3 99|3 100|3 101|3 102|3 103|3 104|3 105|3 106|3 107|3 108|3 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |4 90|4 91|4 92|4 93|4 94|4 95|4 96|4 97|4 98|4 99|4 100|4 101|4 102|4 103|4 104|4 105|4 106|4 107|4 108|4 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |5 90|5 91|5 92|5 93|5 94|5 95|5 96|5 97|5 98|5 99|5 100|5 101|5 102|5 103|5 104|5 105|5 106|5 107|5 108|5 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |6 90|6 91|6 92|6 93|6 94|6 95|6 96|6 97|6 98|6 99|6 100|6 101|6 102|6 103|6 104|6 105|6 106|6 107|6 108|6 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |7 90|7 91|7 92|7 93|7 94|7 95|7 96|7 97|7 98|7 99|7 100|7 101|7 102|7 103|7 104|7 105|7 106|7 107|7 108|7 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |0 110|0 111|0 112|0 113|0 114|0 115|0 116|0 117|0 118|0 119|0 120|0 121|0 122|0 123|0 124|0 125|0 126|0 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |1 110|1 111|1 112|1 113|1 114|1 115|1 116|1 117|1 118|1 119|1 120|1 121|1 122|1 123|1 124|1 125|1 126|1 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |2 110|2 111|2 112|2 113|2 114|2 115|2 116|2 117|2 118|2 119|2 120|2 121|2 122|2 123|2 124|2 125|2 126|2 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |3 110|3 111|3 112|3 113|3 114|3 115|3 116|3 117|3 118|3 119|3 120|3 121|3 122|3 123|3 124|3 125|3 126|3 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |4 110|4 111|4 112|4 113|4 114|4 115|4 116|4 117|4 118|4 119|4 120|4 121|4 122|4 123|4 124|4 125|4 126|4 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |5 110|5 111|5 112|5 113|5 114|5 115|5 116|5 117|5 118|5 119|5 120|5 121|5 122|5 123|5 124|5 125|5 126|5 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |6 110|6 111|6 112|6 113|6 114|6 115|6 116|6 117|6 118|6 119|6 120|6 121|6 122|6 123|6 124|6 125|6 126|6 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |7 110|7 111|7 112|7 113|7 114|7 115|7 116|7 117|7 118|7 119|7 120|7 121|7 122|7 123|7 124|7 125|7 126|7 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� |���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���| +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� |���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���| 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12|0 13|0 14|0 15|0 16|0 17|0 18|0 19|0 20|0 21|0 22|0 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 0|1 1|1 2|1 3|1 4|1 5|1 6|1 7|1 8|1 9|1 10|1 11|1 12|1 13|1 14|1 15|1 16|1 17|1 18|1 19|1 20|1 21|1 22|1 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 0|2 1|2 2|2 3|2 4|2 5|2 6|2 7|2 8|2 9|2 10|2 11|2 12|2 13|2 14|2 15|2 16|2 17|2 18|2 19|2 20|2 21|2 22|2 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 0|3 1|3 2|3 3|3 4|3 5|3 6|3 7|3 8|3 9|3 10|3 11|3 12|3 13|3 14|3 15|3 16|3 17|3 18|3 19|3 20|3 21|3 22|3 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 0|4 1|4 2|4 3|4 4|4 5|4 6|4 7|4 8|4 9|4 10|4 11|4 12|4 13|4 14|4 15|4 16|4 17|4 18|4 19|4 20|4 21|4 22|4 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 0|5 1|5 2|5 3|5 4|5 5|5 6|5 7|5 8|5 9|5 10|5 11|5 12|5 13|5 14|5 15|5 16|5 17|5 18|5 19|5 20|5 21|5 22|5 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 0|6 1|6 2|6 3|6 4|6 5|6 6|6 7|6 8|6 9|6 10|6 11|6 12|6 13|6 14|6 15|6 16|6 17|6 18|6 19|6 20|6 21|6 22|6 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 0|7 1|7 2|7 3|7 4|7 5|7 6|7 7|7 8|7 9|7 10|7 11|7 12|7 13|7 14|7 15|7 16|7 17|7 18|7 19|7 20|7 21|7 22|7 23 +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 24|0 25|0 26|0 27|0 28|0 29|0 30|0 31|0 32|0 33|0 34|0 35|0 36|0 37|0 38|0 39|0 40|0 41|0 42|0 43|0 44|0 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 24|1 25|1 26|1 27|1 28|1 29|1 30|1 31|1 32|1 33|1 34|1 35|1 36|1 37|1 38|1 39|1 40|1 41|1 42|1 43|1 44|1 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 24|2 25|2 26|2 27|2 28|2 29|2 30|2 31|2 32|2 33|2 34|2 35|2 36|2 37|2 38|2 39|2 40|2 41|2 42|2 43|2 44|2 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 24|3 25|3 26|3 27|3 28|3 29|3 30|3 31|3 32|3 33|3 34|3 35|3 36|3 37|3 38|3 39|3 40|3 41|3 42|3 43|3 44|3 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 24|4 25|4 26|4 27|4 28|4 29|4 30|4 31|4 32|4 33|4 34|4 35|4 36|4 37|4 38|4 39|4 40|4 41|4 42|4 43|4 44|4 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 24|5 25|5 26|5 27|5 28|5 29|5 30|5 31|5 32|5 33|5 34|5 35|5 36|5 37|5 38|5 39|5 40|5 41|5 42|5 43|5 44|5 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 24|6 25|6 26|6 27|6 28|6 29|6 30|6 31|6 32|6 33|6 34|6 35|6 36|6 37|6 38|6 39|6 40|6 41|6 42|6 43|6 44|6 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 24|7 25|7 26|7 27|7 28|7 29|7 30|7 31|7 32|7 33|7 34|7 35|7 36|7 37|7 38|7 39|7 40|7 41|7 42|7 43|7 44|7 45 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 46|0 47|0 48|0 49|0 50|0 51|0 52|0 53|0 54|0 55|0 56|0 57|0 58|0 59|0 60|0 61|0 62|0 63|0 64|0 65|0 66|0 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 46|1 47|1 48|1 49|1 50|1 51|1 52|1 53|1 54|1 55|1 56|1 57|1 58|1 59|1 60|1 61|1 62|1 63|1 64|1 65|1 66|1 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 46|2 47|2 48|2 49|2 50|2 51|2 52|2 53|2 54|2 55|2 56|2 57|2 58|2 59|2 60|2 61|2 62|2 63|2 64|2 65|2 66|2 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 46|3 47|3 48|3 49|3 50|3 51|3 52|3 53|3 54|3 55|3 56|3 57|3 58|3 59|3 60|3 61|3 62|3 63|3 64|3 65|3 66|3 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 46|4 47|4 48|4 49|4 50|4 51|4 52|4 53|4 54|4 55|4 56|4 57|4 58|4 59|4 60|4 61|4 62|4 63|4 64|4 65|4 66|4 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 46|5 47|5 48|5 49|5 50|5 51|5 52|5 53|5 54|5 55|5 56|5 57|5 58|5 59|5 60|5 61|5 62|5 63|5 64|5 65|5 66|5 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 46|6 47|6 48|6 49|6 50|6 51|6 52|6 53|6 54|6 55|6 56|6 57|6 58|6 59|6 60|6 61|6 62|6 63|6 64|6 65|6 66|6 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 46|7 47|7 48|7 49|7 50|7 51|7 52|7 53|7 54|7 55|7 56|7 57|7 58|7 59|7 60|7 61|7 62|7 63|7 64|7 65|7 66|7 67 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |0 68|0 69|0 70|0 71|0 72|0 73|0 74|0 75|0 76|0 77|0 78|0 79|0 80|0 81|0 82|0 83|0 84|0 85|0 86|0 87|0 88|0 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |1 68|1 69|1 70|1 71|1 72|1 73|1 74|1 75|1 76|1 77|1 78|1 79|1 80|1 81|1 82|1 83|1 84|1 85|1 86|1 87|1 88|1 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |2 68|2 69|2 70|2 71|2 72|2 73|2 74|2 75|2 76|2 77|2 78|2 79|2 80|2 81|2 82|2 83|2 84|2 85|2 86|2 87|2 88|2 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |3 68|3 69|3 70|3 71|3 72|3 73|3 74|3 75|3 76|3 77|3 78|3 79|3 80|3 81|3 82|3 83|3 84|3 85|3 86|3 87|3 88|3 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |4 68|4 69|4 70|4 71|4 72|4 73|4 74|4 75|4 76|4 77|4 78|4 79|4 80|4 81|4 82|4 83|4 84|4 85|4 86|4 87|4 88|4 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |5 68|5 69|5 70|5 71|5 72|5 73|5 74|5 75|5 76|5 77|5 78|5 79|5 80|5 81|5 82|5 83|5 84|5 85|5 86|5 87|5 88|5 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |6 68|6 69|6 70|6 71|6 72|6 73|6 74|6 75|6 76|6 77|6 78|6 79|6 80|6 81|6 82|6 83|6 84|6 85|6 86|6 87|6 88|6 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- |7 68|7 69|7 70|7 71|7 72|7 73|7 74|7 75|7 76|7 77|7 78|7 79|7 80|7 81|7 82|7 83|7 84|7 85|7 86|7 87|7 88|7 89 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |0 90|0 91|0 92|0 93|0 94|0 95|0 96|0 97|0 98|0 99|0 100|0 101|0 102|0 103|0 104|0 105|0 106|0 107|0 108|0 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |1 90|1 91|1 92|1 93|1 94|1 95|1 96|1 97|1 98|1 99|1 100|1 101|1 102|1 103|1 104|1 105|1 106|1 107|1 108|1 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |2 90|2 91|2 92|2 93|2 94|2 95|2 96|2 97|2 98|2 99|2 100|2 101|2 102|2 103|2 104|2 105|2 106|2 107|2 108|2 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |3 90|3 91|3 92|3 93|3 94|3 95|3 96|3 97|3 98|3 99|3 100|3 101|3 102|3 103|3 104|3 105|3 106|3 107|3 108|3 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |4 90|4 91|4 92|4 93|4 94|4 95|4 96|4 97|4 98|4 99|4 100|4 101|4 102|4 103|4 104|4 105|4 106|4 107|4 108|4 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |5 90|5 91|5 92|5 93|5 94|5 95|5 96|5 97|5 98|5 99|5 100|5 101|5 102|5 103|5 104|5 105|5 106|5 107|5 108|5 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |6 90|6 91|6 92|6 93|6 94|6 95|6 96|6 97|6 98|6 99|6 100|6 101|6 102|6 103|6 104|6 105|6 106|6 107|6 108|6 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- |7 90|7 91|7 92|7 93|7 94|7 95|7 96|7 97|7 98|7 99|7 100|7 101|7 102|7 103|7 104|7 105|7 106|7 107|7 108|7 109 +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----- +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |0 110|0 111|0 112|0 113|0 114|0 115|0 116|0 117|0 118|0 119|0 120|0 121|0 122|0 123|0 124|0 125|0 126|0 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |1 110|1 111|1 112|1 113|1 114|1 115|1 116|1 117|1 118|1 119|1 120|1 121|1 122|1 123|1 124|1 125|1 126|1 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |2 110|2 111|2 112|2 113|2 114|2 115|2 116|2 117|2 118|2 119|2 120|2 121|2 122|2 123|2 124|2 125|2 126|2 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |3 110|3 111|3 112|3 113|3 114|3 115|3 116|3 117|3 118|3 119|3 120|3 121|3 122|3 123|3 124|3 125|3 126|3 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |4 110|4 111|4 112|4 113|4 114|4 115|4 116|4 117|4 118|4 119|4 120|4 121|4 122|4 123|4 124|4 125|4 126|4 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |5 110|5 111|5 112|5 113|5 114|5 115|5 116|5 117|5 118|5 119|5 120|5 121|5 122|5 123|5 124|5 125|5 126|5 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |6 110|6 111|6 112|6 113|6 114|6 115|6 116|6 117|6 118|6 119|6 120|6 121|6 122|6 123|6 124|6 125|6 126|6 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |7 110|7 111|7 112|7 113|7 114|7 115|7 116|7 117|7 118|7 119|7 120|7 121|7 122|7 123|7 124|7 125|7 126|7 127| +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� |���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���| +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� |���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���| +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� |���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���| +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |�� 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-+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|⃿|⃾|⃽|⃼|⃻|⃺|⃹|⃸|⃷|⃶|⃵|⃴|⃳|⃲|⃱|⃰|⃯| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|₿|₾|₽|₼|₻|₺|₹|₸|₷|₶|₵|₴|₳|₲|₱|₰|₯| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|���|ⁿ|⁾|⁽|⁼|⁻|⁺|⁹|⁸|⁷|⁶|⁵|⁴|⁳|⁲|ⁱ|⁰|| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- ∮|∭|∬|∫|∪|∩|∨|∧|∦|∥|∤|∣|∢|∡|∠|∟|∞|∝|∜|∛|√|∙|∘|∗|∖|∕|∔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- ⇮|⇭|⇬|⇫|⇪|⇩|⇨|⇧|⇦|⇥|⇤|⇣|⇢|⇡|⇠|⇟|⇞|⇝|⇜|⇛|⇚|⇙|⇘|⇗|⇖|⇕|⇔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- ↮|↭|↬|↫|↪|↩|↨|↧|↦|↥|↤|↣|↢|↡|↠|↟|↞|↝|↜|↛|↚|↙|↘|↗|↖|↕|↔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- Ⅾ|Ⅽ|Ⅼ|Ⅻ|Ⅺ|Ⅹ|Ⅸ|Ⅷ|Ⅶ|Ⅵ|Ⅴ|Ⅳ|Ⅲ|Ⅱ|Ⅰ|⅟|⅞|⅝|⅜|⅛|⅚|⅙|⅘|⅗|⅖|⅕|⅔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- ℮|ℭ|ℬ|Å|K|℩|ℨ|℧|Ω|℥|ℤ|℣|™|℡|℠|℟|℞|ℝ|ℜ|ℛ|ℚ|ℙ|℘|℗|№|ℕ|℔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- |⃭|⃬|⃫|⃪|⃩|⃨|⃧|⃦|⃥|⃤|⃣|⃢|⃡|⃠|⃟|⃞|⃝|⃜|⃛|⃚|⃙|⃘|⃗|⃖|⃕|⃔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- ₮|₭|€|₫|₪|₩|₨|₧|₦|₥|₤|₣|₢|₡|₠|₟|₞|₝|ₜ|ₛ|ₚ|ₙ|ₘ|ₗ|ₖ|ₕ|ₔ|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- |||||⁩|⁨|⁧|⁦|⁥|⁤|⁣|⁢|⁡|⁠| |⁞|⁝|⁜|⁛|⁚|⁙|⁘|⁗|⁖|⁕|⁔|�� ---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+-- -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|−|∑|∐|∏|∎|∍|∌|∋|∊|∉|∈|∇|∆|∅|∄|∃|∂|∁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|⇒|⇑|⇐|⇏|⇎|⇍|⇌|⇋|⇊|⇉|⇈|⇇|⇆|⇅|⇄|⇃|⇂|⇁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|→|↑|←|↏|↎|↍|↌|↋|↊|↉|ↈ|ↇ|ↆ|ↅ|ↄ|Ↄ|ↂ|ↁ| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|⅒|⅑|⅐|⅏|ⅎ|⅍|⅌|⅋|⅊|ⅉ|ⅈ|ⅇ|ⅆ|ⅅ|⅄|⅃|⅂|⅁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|ℒ|ℑ|ℐ|ℏ|ℎ|ℍ|ℌ|ℋ|ℊ|℉|℈|ℇ|℆|℅|℄|℃|ℂ|℁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|⃒|⃑|⃐|⃏|⃎|⃍|⃌|⃋|⃊|⃉|⃈|⃇|⃆|⃅|⃄|⃃|⃂|⃁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|ₒ|ₑ|ₐ|₏|₎|₍|₌|₋|₊|₉|₈|₇|₆|₅|₄|₃|₂|₁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ �|⁒|⁑|⁐|⁏|⁎|⁍|⁌|⁋|⁊|⁉|⁈|⁇|⁆|⁅|⁄|⁃|⁂|⁁| -+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ qnial> a := cart -62 (-1 * (tell 128)) qnial> mix (tell gage shape a) (EACH char a) +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- | 0| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|32|33|34|35|3 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- |� |��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|� +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ 6|37|38|39|40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49|50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59|60|61|62|63|64|65|66|67|68|69|70|71|72| -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ �|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|��|¿|¾|½|¼|»|º|¹|¸| -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ --+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- 73|74|75|76|77|78|79|80|81|82|83|84|85|86|87|88|89|90|91|92|93|94|95|96|97|98|99|100|101|102|103|104|105|106|1 --+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- ·|¶|µ|´|³|²|±|°|¯|®|­|¬|«|ª|©|¨|§|¦|¥|¤|£|¢|¡| |Ÿ|ž||œ |› |š |™ |˜ |— |– |� --+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+- --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ 07|108|109|110|111|112|113|114|115|116|117|118|119|120|121|122|123|124|125|126|127| --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ � |” |“ |’ |‘ | | |Ž | |Œ |‹ |Š |‰ |ˆ |‡ |† |… |„ |ƒ |‚ | | --+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ qnial> a := cart -62 (-1 * (tell 64) - 64) qnial> mix (tell gage shape a) (EACH char a) +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- | 0| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|32|33|34|35|3 +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- |��|¿|¾|½|¼|»|º|¹|¸|·|¶|µ|´|³|²|±|°|¯|®|­|¬|«|ª|©|¨|§|¦|¥|¤|£|¢|¡| |Ÿ|ž||� +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+- -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ 6|37|38|39|40|41|42|43|44|45|46|47|48|49|50|51|52|53|54|55|56|57|58|59|60|61|62|63| -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ �|›|š|™|˜|—|–|•|”|“|’|‘|||Ž||Œ|‹|Š|‰|ˆ|‡|†|…|„|ƒ|‚|| -+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ # EACH baseStr_to_decIntSigned '0x80' '0xBD' # check character ranges : unsigned signed # '0x00' '0x7F' --> 0 127