sum[i=1 to n: f(n,t)] sum of a series Σ[i=1 to n: f(n,t)] sum of a series prod[tt_plus : (r(t,t) - r(s,t))/(t - s)) } D_minus D_minus(t) = lim{s->t_minus: (r(t,t) - r(s,t))/(t - s)) }