Lucas "... using a spherical surface centered about the charge distribution q with spherical coordinates and noting that E and n will then be in the same direction ..." /$ 4*π*q = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: E0(r)*r*sin(θ)*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2))) = 4*π*q*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2) /$ 4*π*q = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: E0(r)*r*sin(θ)*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2))) = 4*π*q*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2) /* Howell - Collecting Lucas's result for (4-39) and (4-40) 04_39 E(r,v) for constant velocity, non-point charge, observer reference frame /$ ET(r,v) = (1 - λ(v))*E0(r)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2) /* 04_40 L(v) expression for Gauss law for electric charge /$ 4*π*q = ∬[∂(Area): ET(r)nh) /* Expressing (4-40) in terms of constant r, variable [O,P] to integrate .over.the spherical surface : /$1) 4*π*q = ∬[∂(Area): ET(r)nh) = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: ET(r)nh) /* Subbing (4-39) into (1) - BUT Lucas has extra "r*sinO" term ***Where did that extra term come from? - may be a hint for (4-37) etc!!!! /$ 4*π*q = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 - λ(v))*E0(r)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2))) = (1 - λ(v))*E0(r) *∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^( - 3/2))) /* As there is no change with P : /$ = (1 - λ(v))*E0(r) *∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: φ)*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^( - 3/2))) 1a) = (1 - λ(v))*E0(r)*2*π *∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^( - 3/2))) /* To assess the integral in (1a), expand the series as per (4-38) /$ (1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(-3/2) = (1 + 3/2*β^2*sin(θ)^2 + 15/8*β^4*sin(θ)^4 + 35/16*β^6*sin(θ)^6 + ...) /* So /$ ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^( - 3/2))) = ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: (1 + 3/2*β^2*sin(θ)^2 + 15/8*β^4*sin(θ)^4 + 35/16*β^6*sin(θ)^6 + ...) = ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: 1) ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: 3/2*β^2*sin(θ)^2) ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: 15/8*β^4*sin(θ)^4) ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: 35/16*β^6*sin(θ)^6) ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: + ...) /* Ignore the last term, integrate the others = π /$1a1) 3/2 *β^2*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: sin(θ)^2) 1a2) 15/8 *β^4*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: sin(θ)^4) 1a3) 35/16*β^6*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: sin(θ)^6) /* Using Howell - Variables, notations, styles for Bill Lucas, Universal Force.odt Recurring integrals from http://integral-table.com /$1a1a) ∫[∂(θ),0 to Of: sin(θ)^2) = O/2 - sin(2*O)/4 1a2a) ∫[∂(θ),0 to Of: sin^3(O)) = -3*cos(θ)/4 + cos(3*O)/12 /* This is NOT going to work!! From where did Lucas get the extra "r*sinO" term? /* Now looking at /$ ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: ET*(1 - λ(v))*r*sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]} /* [ET, L(v), b, r] are pseudo-constants wrt dO, so they come out, note above Lucas error with integral limits, but now ET instead of E0! Also Lucas missing a second r for dP !!???!! Correcting original : /$ ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: E0*(1 - λ(v))*r*sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]*r} ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: E0*(1 - λ(v))*r^2*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]} /* Now looking at /$ ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: ET*(1 - λ(v))*r*sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]} /* [ET, L(v), b, r] are pseudo-constants wrt dO, so they come out, note above Lucas error with integral limits, but now ET instead of E0! Also Lucas missing a second r for dP !!???!! Correcting original : /$ ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: E0*(1 - λ(v))*r*sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]*r} ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: E0*(1 - λ(v))*r^2*∫[∂(θ),0 to π: sin(O)/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2)]} /* using result above for ∫[dO, 0 to π : sinO/(1 - b^2*sin^2(O))^(3/2) } /$ = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: E0*(1 - λ(v))*r^2*2/(1 - β^2)} /* E0s has constant scalar magnitude at constant r for integral /$ = E0*(1 - λ(v))*r^2 *2/(1 - β^2) *∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: 1} = E0*(1 - λ(v))*r^2 *2/(1 - β^2) *2*π /* sub E0 = q/r^2 /$ = 4*π*Q/r^2*(1 - λ(v))*r^2/(1 - β^2) = 4*π*Q*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2) /*++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ /*add_eqn "Howell_incomplete 04_41 L(v) expression for Gauss law for electric charge /$ 4*π*q = ∫[∂(φ),0 to 2*π: ∫[∂(θ),0 to π: E0(r)*r*sin(θ)*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2*sin(θ)^2)^(3/2))) = 4*π*q*(1 - λ(v))/(1 - β^2) /* havent done yet PRIORITY PROBLEM - sin,cos terms