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Andrew Hall's electric geology : thunderblogs and videos

"... History never repeats itself, but it rhymes. ..."

Table of Contents


"$d_webRawe""Electric Universe/Andrew Halls electric geology [thunderblog, video]s.html" www.BillHowell.ca 28Aug2021 initial Other electric geology links : Howell - Paul Anderson
https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2016/03/11/surface-conductive-faults/
sschirott March 11, 2016 - 19:14 Thunderblogs
Surface Conductive Faults
By Andrew Hall
When high voltage electrical circuitry is sufficiently overloaded, or damaged, the current will seek alternative conductive paths to discharge to ground. It causes a dangerous event called an arc flash. Arc flash occurs when the current discharges in an arc through the atmosphere.The result is explosive. Arc heat far exceeds the surface temperature of the Sun, in excess of 35,000 °F (19,400 °C). It’s hot enough to vaporize copper conductors, producing an expanding plasma with supersonic shock-wave pressures over 1000 psi. It releases radiation across the spectrum with such energy, it will vaporize, melt and ablate materials far from the arc itself. No contact is required with an arc burn. Damage occurs from the searing hot blast.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2016/05/11/arc-blast-part-1/
sschirott May 11, 2016 - 21:06 Thunderblogs
Arc Blast – Part One
By Andrew Hall
Earth should also show electrical scarring. In an Electric Universe it must be the case. But it is not intuitively apparent.
Unlike the Moon, or Mercury, Earth does not display a carpet of hexagonal craters. There are some craters that are ancient and eroded, but their formation remains controversial.
There does exist proof of electrical scarring on Earth, however, and it is in abundance. As a matter of fact, it is staring us in the face. This Thunderblog will discuss how to recognize it.
First however, recognize that what distinguishes Earth from a planet like Mercury, or the Moon, is its atmosphere and geomagnetic field. This changes the electrical character of the Earth entirely. It does not respond like a bald, rocky planet in an electric current, drawing lightning bolts from a region of space that carries a different electrical potential.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2016/05/21/arc-blast-part-two/
sschirott May 21, 2016 - 13:21 Thunderblogs
In “Arc Blast – Part One” we looked at how arc blast from current in the atmosphere could produce supersonic shock and wind effects that create a mountain. We examined triangular buttresses on mountainsides that exhibit the characteristic standing wave-form of a reflected shock wave. In particular, we looked at how they are layered perpendicular to the wind direction, and exhibit compression and expansion from superimposed longitudinal and transverse waves that came from a source above.
We now examine more, compelling evidence.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2016/05/28/arc-blast-part-three/
sschirott May 28, 2016 - 20:58 Thunderblogs
Arc Blast – Part Three
By Andrew Hall
In Part One of this series, we looked at how arc blast creates a mountain. We examined triangular buttresses on mountainsides and how they conform precisely with the characteristics of reflected shock waves. In particular, we looked at layering, compression and expansion of the wave-forms.
In Part Two, we looked at evidence of harmonics, wave-form instabilities and boundary layer effects that are imprinted on the landscape.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at layering and electromagnetic influences.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2016/10/06/the-monocline/
sschirott October 6, 2016 - 15:33 Thunderblogs
The Monocline
By Andrew Hall
In previous Thunderblogs, we discussed evidence of electromagnetic and hydrodynamic forces that shaped the landscape with arcing currents in an atmospheric surface conductive path. We theorized these currents sent bolides of plasma jetting through the atmosphere, blow-torching the ground below into craters and mountainous blisters, based on observed characteristics of the landscape.
The form of triangular buttressed mountains and related land forms that display the shape of windblown deposits created by hot supersonic winds under the influence of shock waves is the evidence on the landscape. The triangular forms are created by reflected shock waves, heat, winds, molten rock and dust stirred by the blast of the arc.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/01/20/the-maars-of-pinacate-part-one/
sschirott January 20, 2017 - 19:14 Thunderblogs
The Maars of Pinacate, Part One
By Andrew Hall
El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar is a geologic wonderland for volcanologists. It should also be a laboratory for study of the Electric Earth. Pinacate is a monogenic volcanic field in Sonora, Mexico that lies just south of the Arizona border, seventy miles east of where the Colorado River empties into the Sea of Cortez. It is a protected Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage site.
Monogenic volcanic fields, meaning each eruptive feature in the field is the product of a single, short eruption of unique magma, are not uncommon in North America. In fact, Pinacate is one of fifty that dot the landscape from central Mexico to Colorado. What makes Pinacate special is its pristine nature, for it is largely untouched by human hands or the effects of severe erosion.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/02/16/the-maars-of-pinacate-part-two/
sschirott February 16, 2017 - 22:15 Thunderblogs
The Maars of Pinacate, Part Two
By Andrew Hall
If lightning can occur in the sky, why not in the ground?
A capacitor stores electrical charge up to a point, and then lets go, like a dam breaking. It’s called dielectric breakdown, and sparks are the result; sparks are the flood of current through the dam. Lightning is one example of a spark we’ve all seen, but there are several types of electric discharge to consider.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/04/22/natures-electrode/
sschirott April 22, 2017 - 13:35 Thunderblog
Nature’s Electrode
By Andrew Hall
The image above is from NOAA and illustrates the consensus theory of lightning genesis. As you can see, it shows electrons collecting like marbles in a sink, accelerating down a slippery slope into what looks like a drain.
A typical cloud-to-ground lightning needs a billion-trillion electrons. Are electrons just randomly floating in the clouds when suddenly, a billion-trillion of them jump into an imaginary drainpipe like this image portrays?

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/05/21/the-summer-thermopile/
sschirott May 21, 2017 - 15:16 Thunderblogs
The Summer Thermopile
By Andrew Hall
In a previous episode, we talked about Nature’s Electrode. . . how a cold plasma corona is the proper electronic model for lightning genesis, and how mechanisms for ionization in a thunderstorm work.
Now let’s take in the bigger picture to get a more coherent look at a thunderstorm.
The proper electrical analogy for a super-cell storm is a thermopile.
A thermopile is an electrical circuit that you’ve probably seen in use. Ice coolers made for cars that plug into the cigarette lighter are one example.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/06/13/tornado-the-electric-model/
sschirott June 13, 2017 - 21:37 Thunderblogs
Tornado — The Electric Model
By Andrew Hall
Cold, Dusty Plasma…
Previously, in Nature’s Electrode, we looked at an Electric Earth model for lightning genesis driven by a plasma corona formed from condensing and freezing water vapor in the central updraft of the thunderhead. We also looked at the thunderstorm itself, and an electrical model for the circuit that drives it, in The Summer Thermopile. Now let’s consider the most dramatic weather event of all, the tornado, and how these massively destructive whirlwinds are also formed by a plasma corona in a thunderstorm.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/12/10/lightning-scarred-earth-part-1/
sschirott December 10, 2017 - 16:02 Thunderblogs
Lightning Scarred Earth, Part 1
By Andrew Hall
The blue-white arc of a lightning bolt stuns the senses. Blinding radiance, elemental beauty, awesome power and primordial danger flash into existence from thin air and vanish before the mind catches-up. We stare, immobile, unthinking and awestruck.
In that moment, a channel of air the diameter of a quarter heats fifty-thousand degrees, as trillions of electrons cascade to Earth. The volume of air blows-up, radiating energy across the spectrum, sending sonic booms across the sky.
Lightning also pummels the land, creating pressure waves exceeding seventy-thousand atmospheres — that’s one-million psi. It can create a layer of shocked quartz and vitrify surrounding rock into glass.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/12/17/lightning-scarred-earth-part-2/
sschirott December 17, 2017 - 16:12 Thunderblogs
Lightning Scarred Earth, Part 2
By Andrew Hall
In Lightning Scarred Earth, Part 1, Shiprock was presented as an example of a pinnacle created by lightning. Fulgarites are created when lightning strikes and current penetrates the ground, leaving a hollow tube of glassy, fused material behind. Current from the lightning vaporizes and extracts material in its path, while its heat vitrifies the surrounding soil, leaving behind glassy tubes.
Based on its features, it’s proposed that Shiprock is a standing fulgarite, created by lightning so powerful and sustained that the material began to recombine in the current as it was pulled from the ground, leaving behind a pinnacle of fused material instead of a hollow tube. Once material recombines, it’s no longer charged and attracted to the lightning channel, so is left behind, its ionic makeup altered by the current and heat.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2018/02/12/sputtering-canyons-part-1/
sschirott February 12, 2018 - 12:45 Thunderblogs
Sputtering Canyons, Part 1
By Andrew Hall
In summer of 2016, following the Electric Universe conference in Phoenix, Arizona, EU Geology researchers visited Arches National Monument and the deep reaches of Canyonlands, Utah, where the Green and Colorado Rivers channel through the Colorado Plateau.
Arches National Monument is an astonishing place for anyone interested in EU Geology. By conventional reckoning, the high desert plateau was carved into fantastical arches and hoodoos after millions of years of subtle water and wind erosion. To the EU researchers, however, it was evident the land was zapped, carved and seared by electrical storms that could have happened last year, so fresh looked the marks of evidence.
The Arches’ formation tells a story which explains one of the key phenomena that shaped the face of the planet. The phenomenon is called sputtering discharge. So let’s take a look at what that is.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2018/02/12/sputtering-canyons-part-2/
sschirott February 12, 2018 - 12:57 Thunderblogs
Sputtering Canyons, Part 2
By Andrew Hall
In Sputtering Canyons, Part 1, we discussed Arches National Monument and evidence that it was formed by a complex sputtering discharge process. That process involved a thermal spiking, barrier discharge in a layer of wet sandstone.
In Part 2, we’ll take a broader look at some regions on the Colorado Plateau where similar sputtering discharge processes took place.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2018/03/31/sputtering-canyons-part-3/
sschirott March 31, 2018 - 19:08 Thunderblogs
Sputtering Canyons, Part 3
By Andrew Hall
In Part 1 of the Sputtering Canyons series, we discussed Arches National Monument and evidence that it was formed by a complex sputtering discharge process. That process involved a thermal-spiking, barrier discharge in a layer of wet sandstone.
In Part 2, we looked at how charge and charge depletion disperses through rock by the combined mechanisms of current drift and diffusion. We looked at evidence of diffusion patterns in the landscape and evidence of mechanical shear caused by sputtering discharge.
In Part 3, we’ll look at some secondary effects from electrical deposition and sputtering on the Colorado Plateau. These features involve processes besides sputtering discharge and lightning bolts, however. These features also involved the winds of the storm.
In the primordial, plasma typhoon that layered the dome of the Colorado Plateau, winds were mobilized by the Earth’s electric field. Ionic species of opposite charge were pushed in opposite directions. Positive and negative species segregated into streams of unipolar winds that circled the Earth in bands moving alternate directions.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2019/03/31/the-eye-of-the-storm-part-1/
sschirott March 31, 2019 - 16:33 Thunderblogs
The Eye of the Storm, Part 1
By Andrew Hall
Earth’s geology and weather is a result of capacitance in Earth’s electric circuit. Forget anything you’ve been taught about geology. It’s wrong — provably wrong — from evidence you will soon see.
We are taught to associate geology with billions of years of “tectonic forces” is actually the result of capacitor discharge across Earth’s crust and atmosphere. The Earth’s own electric circuit electroplated, etched, and arced to form the land, patterned by the Earth’s electric field.
The first evidence of Earth’s electrical formation is provided by the landscape — all you need do is look at it. In this series of articles, you will be shown features created by electric winds. The challenge is to believe your eyes and take a serious look at the theory behind it.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2019/05/05/the-eye-of-the-storm-part-2/
Scott Douglass May 5, 2019 - 22:23 Thunderblogs
By Andrew Hall
Jupiter is our largest neighbor and generates the largest electromagnetic field in the Solar System except for the Sun. It has a thick, turbulent atmosphere with swirling storms producing winds of supersonic speed, and lightning arcs that dwarf the puny sparks we have on Earth. Thus immediately, we see attributes of electrical processes like the processes we are exploring in Earth’s primordial past.
Nothing exemplifies the electrical nature of Jupiter more than its bands of counter-flowing winds and the giant swirl known as The Great Red Spot.
Alternate bands of wind circulate the planet in opposite directions, producing amazing transient whirlwinds, and the inexplicably stationary Great Red Spot.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2019/05/24/eye-of-the-storm-part-3/
Scott Douglass May 24, 2019 - 03:48 Thunderblogs

By Andrew Hall
On Earth, hurricanes and typhoons are called cyclones and occur over the oceans. The cyclonic storm develops an eye in the center of rotation, where high altitude, dry air is drawn down the center. The thing to know is that the eye of a cyclone is a downdraft wind.
Over land, we see a different effect. Super-cell thunderstorms develop a rotating mesocyclone that rises in a tower and spreads an anvil cloud. The thing to know is that the center of a thunderstorm is an updraft wind.
Thunderstorms’ central meso-cyclone is a rotating updraft.
If you look at these different storms from above, the cyclone blows at the ground, and the thunderstorm sucks at the ground. The pattern of wind in each type of storm is due to capacitance in the electrical circuitry of the Earth.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2019/06/20/eye-of-the-storm-part-4-2/
Scott Douglass June 20, 2019 - 18:11 Thunderblogs
by Andrew Hall
The face of the Earth was shaped by three primary means: volcanic eruption, lightning, and wind. It occurred in primordial storms which significantly ionized the atmosphere, charged the ground like a battery, and discharged energy between them in the same way we see today: earthquakes, volcanoes and storms. Only these storms were beyond biblical. They occurred before Man arrived. These were the storms of creation, which shaped the face of the planet.
Because wind played the predominant role in laying and piling the sediments that most of us now live on, its effects are most visible to us. Once you start recognizing the characteristics of wind-formed topography, it becomes impossible to ignore.
To identify wind direction, look at mountains. Mountains (not volcanoes) are all essentially wind blown dunes. One side will be windward and one side will be leeward to the wind that formed them, and like a dune, reflects this in their shape. The leeward side is generally steep and slab sided, and the windward side dips at shallower slope.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/03/19/47212/
Scott Douglass March 19, 2020 - 11:11 Thunderblogs
by Andrew Hall
In previous articles, we established a link between the winds of Jupiter and landforms on Earth. In primordial times, Earth’s weather was like Jupiter’s, with raging plasma whirlwinds and segregated electric jet streams that attained supersonic speeds. Close examination of mountains and other landforms shows clear evidence of wind-blown deposition that layered the land, supersonic shock waves that shaped mountain flanks, massive lightning discharges that welded rock, and plasma vortexes that blow-torched the land.
Jupiter’s winds are the result of capacitance between double layers in the atmosphere and the plasma sheath at the planet’s surface. We don’t know what the surface of Jupiter is, but it doesn’t matter — it still forms a plasma sheath — a double layer at the interface between crust and atmosphere. Electric circuits form the winds; by capacitance, inductance and magnetic fields. Surface and atmosphere are coupled by capacitance, and ongoing release of energy from Jupiter’s interior is what stirs the winds.
On Earth, dust particles, aerosols and the water cycle — evaporation, condensation, ice and rain — are the charge carriers or the “wires” of the circuit. On Jupiter, it also includes ammonia and other species.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/04/04/the-great-red-spot/
sschirott April 4, 2020 - 19:31 Thunderblogs
by Andrew Hall
In Part Five of this series, we looked at “bootprint” craters and found there are cyclones raging on Jupiter right now that can explain them. Shock wave patterns in the crater rims provided confirming evidence. We also looked at California’s mountain and valley structures and correlated those with a storm on Jupiter that displays in great detail the very same features. The examples we’ve looked at point to one significant observation: that fractal forms associated with the processes of charge diffusion can be found in both geology and weather.
Why geology and weather should match really isn’t hard to understand. Capacitance between Earth and sky are responsible for that, forcing charge to diffuse through each layer in mirror image. And that should suffice for an answer if our atmosphere were considered a plasma; charged particles responding to Earth’s spherical capacitance would make sense. But Earth’s atmosphere isn’t considered a plasma. Neither is Jupiter’s for that matter. Where are all the charge carriers?
The answer isn’t in particle physics. It’s in the molecule of water. Water is the charge carrier — the electric wires of the circuit. Water is bi-polar, and so adopts polarity in an electric field. This produces something called “bound current”. Unlike a current of free electrons and ions, a bound current is carried by a bulk material that can be polarized or magnetized. An example is a ferro-magnetic fluid that takes structural form in response to magnetic fields. Water is an example of bound current due to polarization of the water molecule.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/09/24/48437/
THUNDERBLOG SOURCE ARTICLE — Eye of the Storm, Part 7
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgNTKrjpiiI&t=0s
Andrew Hall: | Space News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3ITTdl_QRY&t=0s
31,044 views
Sep 26, 2020
Previously, in the first program of this two-part presentation, our guest Andrew Hall began his seventh part of "Eye of the Storm" – a series devoted to exploring some of the most dramatic and puzzling geological features on planet Earth.
In second program of his visual essay for "Eye of the Storm" — Episode 7, Andy goes into detailed examination of the lifelike emanations of electrified plasma which tell us much about mysterious dendritic and filamentary geological patterns. Nor is it coincidental that plasma filaments find a stunning analog in a global mythical archetype: the sinuous form and fiery breath of the cosmic dragon.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/09/24/48437/
THUNDERBLOG SOURCE ARTICLE — Eye of the Storm, Part 7
https://youtu.be/_3ITTdl_QRY
Andrew Hall: Electric Earth & the Cosmic Dragon | Space News
31,044 views
Sep 26, 2020
Previously, in the first program of this two-part presentation, our guest Andrew Hall began his seventh part of "Eye of the Storm" – a series devoted to exploring some of the most dramatic and puzzling geological features on planet Earth.
In second program of his visual essay for "Eye of the Storm" — Episode 7, Andy goes into detailed examination of the lifelike emanations of electrified plasma which tell us much about mysterious dendritic and filamentary geological patterns. Nor is it coincidental that plasma filaments find a stunning analog in a global mythical archetype: the sinuous form and fiery breath of the cosmic dragon.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/10/31/eye-of-the-storm-part-8/
And Then Came Dragons
by Andrew Hall
Scott Douglass September 24, 2020 - 04:13 Thunderblogs
https://youtu.be/2WS0vsVB4Tw
Andrew Hall: Proving the Passage of the Dragon | Space News
29,584 views
Oct 30, 2020
Author and Thunderbolts colleague Andrew Hall continues his remarkable "Eye of the Storm" series investigating the groundbreaking field of Electric Universe geology.
In this episode Andy examines proof of the dragon’s passage are not random and coincidental anomalies. They appear predictably, as expected of the circuit. For example, reactive power is a two way street. Energy is both released and absorbed as current alternates, spitting out and sucking back in.
Action and reaction. Canyons and river channels are arc-blasted by reactive power from resonant discharges. That was an example of reactive power spitting out. When it sucks back in, reactive power creates a mountain, not a canyon. This is where things get really interesting. The resonant reactive discharge that blasted a river apart creating a junction, also created mountains on reactive inflow vectors.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/12/25/eye-of-the-storm-part-9/
THUNDERBLOG SOURCE ARTICLE
https://youtu.be/LwbsA-QDBFY
Andrew Hall: San Andreas Fault – A Dragon in Action? | Space News
25,218 views
Dec 18, 2020
Author and Thunderbolts colleague Andrew Hall uses Earth’s geology, the planet Jupiter, and the fractal self similarities of charge diffusion as a living laboratory for evidence. This episode's focus is the San Andreas Fault. River channels align with faults that are cracks in the Earth caused by the intense heat, pressure and charge depletion of an arc blast from surface conductive discharges. They are literally the dragon’s footprint. But not all dragon prints result in river channels. In some places, surface conductive discharges created faults that were later buried, or somehow isolated from a watershed, so no river resulted. The San Andreas Fault is one such beast.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2020/12/25/eye-of-the-storm-part-9/
THUNDERBLOG SOURCE ARTICLE — Eye of the Storm, Part 9
https://youtu.be/-KoJ9wpvD_g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KoJ9wpvD_g
Andrew Hall: Subsurface Birkeland Currents – How the Earth Thinks? | Space News
27,384 views
Dec 25, 2020
Author and Thunderbolts colleague Andrew Hall continues his remarkable “Eye of the Storm” series investigating the groundbreaking field of Electric Universe geology. In this episode, Andy explores the North American and Caribbean current loops. The Earth works as a coherent circuit. It’s a circuit within a bigger circuit centered on the Sun. And it has circuits within it, shaping the continents and weather.

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2021/01/28/eye-of-the-storm-part-10-2/
THUNDERBLOG SOURCE ARTICLE — Eye of the Storm, Part 10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hW4kCP-ascw
26,198 views
Jan 22, 2021
In this penultimate episode of the “Eye of the Storm” series, author and Thunderbolts colleague Andrew Hall describes his approach to reverse engineer the Earth, starting with outside layers and peeling inward, always following the patterns of electrical scarring.
Abstract theories for cause and effect aren’t needed when the patterns of Nature are laid bare for us to see, repeating at every scale in every structure in the universe. In the case of geology, it’s not just gravity, the mists of time, or coincidence. It’s the diffusion of charge in an environment of extreme electrical stress. We merely need to recognize what makes the patterns.

https://www.patreon.com/posts/andrew-hall-egg-51555997?utm_medium=post_notification_email&utm_source=post_link&utm_campaign=patron_engagement
May 22, 2021 at 5:02 PM
In Andrew Hall's finale of his "Eye of the Storm" series he presented Easter Eggs—surprise geologic findings that confirm a theory, or present astonishing new information about Earth’s electric circuitry. Exploring the Electric Earth is a perpetual egg hunt, because every rock confirms the Bunny is REAL.
Electrical discharges follow patterns and behaviors that yield definitive information about cause and effect. Andy deconstructs these patterns embedded in the gorges and ridge-lines of Wyoming's Laramie Mountains

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2021/08/20/the-shocking-truth/
sschirott August 20, 2021 - 00:01 Thunderblogs
The Shocking Truth
by Andrew Hall
Shock waves took different polarities. They generated lightning. They connected ground to cloud in a sheet of plasma current. They ionized air, water vapor, and dust. They melted metals. They vibrated and electrified the ground. They segregated airborne matter by electrostatic filtration. They compressed matter in geometric shapes and charged it with current to fuse it together. They formed plasma networks of active circuitry. They patterned the wind in diamonds that glowed, with sparks shooting through. They turned biological beings to jelly.
Shock waves are a pathway for discharge, a current generator, and a capacitor across the walls of shock “membranes.” They are a big piece of Earth’s circuitry and a principle action of Nature. They are the most obvious, prolific, and easily defined proof that Earth was formed, and still performs as an electrical body. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt6NscQ2qS8
Andrew Hall: The Shocking Truth | Thunderbolts
46,249 views
Aug 21, 2021
Ears ring, windows rattle, the dog hides under the bed. It's thunder from an arc of electric discharge, or from a passing supersonic jet. Rub your feet on the carpet then touch a doorknob. You get a spark and hear a snap. Same thing—tiny scale. Think of the power of a sonic boom traveling miles with enough energy to rattle windows.
Andy Hall deconstructs the cause and effect of 'shock wave'—and why it's quite obvious in a not too distant past lightning was far more powerful on this planet than what we experience today.
Ears ring, windows rattle, the dog hides under the bed. It's thunder from an arc of electric discharge, or from a passing supersonic jet. Rub your feet on the carpet then touch a doorknob. You get a spark and hear a snap. Same thing—tiny scale. Think of the power of a sonic boom traveling miles with enough energy to rattle windows.
Andy Hall deconstructs the cause and effect of 'shock wave'—and why it's quite obvious in a not too distant past lightning was far more powerful on this planet than what we experience today.

28Aug2021 initial posting
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