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seconds into video | very short description |
| 30.2 |
Current concept : nucleus is made up of a chaotic block of protons and neutrons. There is no known structure for the nucleus. Quantum Mechanics (QM) states that it's impossible to show true shapes, instead relies on mathematics to express the atom's non-deterministic nature.
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| 66.5 | Is it possible that there is a structure to the nucleus of the atom? |
| 99.7 |
History of atomic theory : early 1800s John Dalton, 1864 John Newlands, 1867 Mendeleev, 1897 JJ Thomson, Chadwick (discovered neutron), acceptance of the neutrons in about 1933 (?Solvay conference in Brussels?)
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| 603.6 | current understanding of the atoms and the elements is very poor to say the least. 2006 Kall started building "Structured Atomic Model" (SAM) |
| 730.2 | SAM is a new model, question as to why the [proton, electron]s do not annihilate each other is still unanswered |
| 822.7 |
about 2008 Kaal found a correlation of spherical geometry: lithium - pentagonal bipyramid, 2010 carbon - icosahedron, 2012 entire structure of the nucleus and how it functions
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| 864.2 |
principle: the densest packing that creates geometric shapes.
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| 907.9 |
there's only one fundamental force : electrostatic. the neutron is not a fundamental particle - it's just a connection between nuclear [electron, protons]. sphere or a proton must always be part of one of the geometrical structures [tetrahedron, pentagonal bipyramid, icosahedron]. the inner structure of the atom the nucleus dictates outer electrons (orbiters)
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| 966.5 |
the "new SAM Neutron non-fundamental particle" : instead of being fundamental particle it is in the center of an electron with its two neighboring <photons,protons>
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| 1104.4 |
papers done by Carl Johnson - statistical analysis of isotope masses. precise NIST data seems to indicate that there is no energy which exists within any Atomic nuclei to account for the existence of any pi mesons, or the necessary binding energy of any neutrons, or any ultra powerful strong force, or any neutrinos for that fact.
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| 1238.4 |
2016 James Sorensen started collaborating with Kaal, creating three-dimensional "Atom Builder" software. the model has already been proven to be crucial for further continuation.
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| 1364.3 | here we see the platonic solids again create using spherical geometry. take note that the [cube, dodecahedra] are not stable. the icosahedron is the most complete of the platonic solids meaning there is no bigger geometrical shape that can fit into a sphere. satisfys densest packing principle |
| 1492.4 | carbon embodies the icosahedron with its 20 triangular facets. In the illustration, not all the Triangular facets of the nucleus are occupied, meaning there are positive spots left on the nucleus that can still react. this is basically the fundamental principle as to why chemistry is happening. |
| 1625.5 | carbon backbone: the backbone of the nucleus is made up of the icosahedron. or as determined in this model a carbon nucleic, whereby nucleic refers to the identified geometrical shapes of the protons. is therefore collection of the connected carbon nucleus that adhere to a doubling mechanism. |
| 1718.6 |
here we see how the periodicity of the periodic table is a result of this geometry : eg [carbon, silicon, germanium]
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| 1880.3 | here we see how the periodicity of the periodic table of the elements is a result of these geometrical shapes. so the valence factor or rather how many connections we can make with a certain element. |
| 2016.8 | "Why are the Actinides the only fissile elements?", decay of Carbon14 : according to the new model you can see carbon 14 in the center. we have the same carbon nucleic that was blue just a moment ago. we have the top one extra Neutron and on the bottom one extra Neutron, meaning it's a proton plus an electron to bind it together. when they come close they Decay meaning two are together now. and there's only one electron needed, or rather actually, there's only room for one electron. so this second electron is booted out. as we could see here, it moves into orbit, therefore we reach the next element. |
| 2141.5 | looking for new elements: halfway through the periodic table, close to [iron, copper, silver, gold, etc]. nature tends to skip these steps, simply not so much because it cannot be done but because the combination of two. to make diffusion happen usually we get a helium nuclei, or a alpha particle, which combines an alpha particle, consists of four of these protons. but to create that missing element in between we need two deuterium. to act on that just the <chain space,chance based?> and the abundance of certain elements makes it almost impossible. besides that, we are not even aware that there might be something missing. it is my belief that ultimately these elements will be either discovered or created. I hope to think might actually validate this model in the future. |
| 2229.8 | interesting "collision" where two branches of nucleus basically touch each other. I believe that due to that coming together, branches is where the nucleus breaks. |
| 2350.4 |
I would like to summarize the new atomic model follow. we have a duality that we call a proton electron pair, with the electrostatic force acting between them. this force is the causal mechanism for the principle of densest packing that creates geometrical shapes. this geometrical shapes in specific order sequence and number create all the elements. the model shows the observe nature and properties of the atom, and explains the reason why the nucleus of the atom is positively charged, why the outer elections stay at range. you do not fall into the nucleus. and addresses a causal factor of chemistry. in fact physics and chemistry are kinda separated exactly where the atom is. in this case the physical model goes straight into chemistry.
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| 2399.9 |
some potential implications : [plasma physics, astrophysics, cosmology, chemistry, nuclear fusion]. maybe even [smaller nanotechnology, radiometric dating, transmutations, new elements]
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| 2442.1 |
conclude with the thanks. many people to thank but a few persons in particular, |
| etsy.com second generation Sierpinski tetrahedron VI, beaded art |
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Johanna L. Miller 19Nov2018 Quantum mechanics in fractal geometry (<Sierpinski triangle>), Physics Today ...Ingmar Swart, Cristiane Morais Smith, and colleagues at Utrecht University in the Netherlands have taken a step toward experimentally studying quantum physics in a fractional-dimensional system. On a (111) surface of copper they placed carbon monoxide molecules (black indentations in the figure) to corral the surface electrons into a simplified Sierpinski triangle. Howell: it seems to me that Kaal has a fractal-like basis to his "Structured Atom Model" (SAM), albeit with many component parts, and therefore more complex than many well-known fractal patterns? Perhaps the use of fractals in hollywood CGI images is somewhat similar, but taken to artistic extreme? |
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Shajesh, Parashar, Cavero-Peláez, Kocik, Brevik 13Nov2017 Casimir energy of Sierpinski triangles, Phys. Rev. D 96, 105010 Using scaling arguments and the property of self-similarity we derive the Casimir energies of Sierpinski triangles and Sierpinski rectangles. The Hausdorff-Besicovitch dimension (fractal dimension) of the Casimir energy is introduced and the Berry-Weyl conjecture is discussed for these geometries. We propose that for a class of fractals, comprising compartmentalized cavities, it is possible to establish a finite value to the Casimir energy even while the Casimir energy of the individual cavities consists of divergent terms. Howell: This does remind me of our recent "pyramids" emails. However, keep in mind that pyramids tend to have a square (or rectangular) base, not triangular like a tetrahedron. For example [Bosnia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Central America, China (dirt, not stone)]. Even so, the energy-focussing properties of pyramid [material, geometry] may distantly relate to things like the Casimir effect? |
 
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Johannes Kepler Howell: I seem to remember that Johannes Kepler always sought a tetrahedron concept as the proper way to explain planetary motions, even after he formulated Kepler's Laws? |
 
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Great Pyramid of Giza can focus electromagnetic energy through its hidden chambers Andrey Evlyukhin, ... the international research team looked into the relationship between the shape of the Great Pyramid of Giza and its ability to focus electromagnetic energy. To do this, the team led by ITMO University in Saint Petersburg, Russia, created a model of the pyramid, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, to accurately measure it electromagnetic response. Howell: This does remind me of our recent "pyramids" emails. However, keep in mind that pyramids tend to have a square (or rectangular) base, not triangular like a tetrahedron. For example [Bosnia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Central America, China (dirt, not stone)]. Even so, the energy-focussing properties of pyramid [material, geometry] may distantly relate to things like the Casimir effect? |
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| active | radioactive nuclear fuel, spent fuel, other with [environment, safety] implications |
| Birkeland current | Quantum Mechanics, standard in physics |
| deactivate | transmutation of actives |
| fissile | atoms that can be split by neutrons in a self-sustaining chain-reaction to release enormous amounts of energy |
| HEU | Highly Enriched Uranium, contains [Pu239, U235] see above: "Nuclear [material, process, deactivate]s" |
| Langmuir double-layer | plasma charge-separate double-layer that "insulates" different plasma environments example: Langmuir probes are required to get useful voltage reading in plasma environments |
| LEU | Lowly Enriched Uranium, cannot be used for weapons |
| Marklund convection | electric field that causes convection of ions and electrons
inward towards a central twisting filamentary axis named after Swedish physicist Göran Marklund may explain elemental composition of planets going outward from Sun? |
| PT-HWR | Pressure Tube - Heavy Water Reactor (eg CANDU) |
| QM | Quantum Mechanics, standard concept in physics |
| SAM | Stuctured Atom Model of Edo Kaal, speculative replacement for QM |
| Z-pinch | Lorentz force on a current-carrying [conductor, plasma] in a magnetic field (see also [Birkeland, Marklund] above) |