"$d_ProjMini"'Kaal- Structured Atom Model/Kaal: The Proton-Electron Atom, paragraphL.txt' www.BillHowell.ca initial 06Dec2024 Transcript of video : https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2018/03/11/edwin-kaal-the-proton-electron-atom-a-proposal-for-a-structured-atomic-model-eu2017/ Edwin Kaal: The Proton-Electron Atom — A Proposal for a Structured Atomic Model | EU2017 sschirott March 11, 2018 - 11:00 am video of presentation, www.Thunderbolts.info Electric Universe EU2017 Future Science conference, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, Rebroadcast — only $29: https://www.electricuniverse.live transcription by Google transcript, Howell's example links : setup Google transcripts for large audio files (>1 minute) : - Google calls it "Asynchronous Recognition" - I've lost track of the round-about process to setup [payment, setting], activate, bucket] - https://cloud.google.com/speech-to-text/?hl=en - https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/howell/transcripts;tab=objects? ...Howell: long and boring code my transcription file storage use transcriptions after setup : - https://console.cloud.google.com/speech/transcriptions/list?project=prefab-range-410420 - timeStamps in the video are in seconds, eg 27.5 - 27.5 seconds into the video Incomplete manually [edit, format]ing by www.BillHowell.ca - possible [Google -> Howell] changes, examples : - phrase corrections : - phrase additions : (Solvay conference in Brussels) - some punctuation added, but no capital letters etc - the corrections as shown give you a pretty good idea of the error rates of Google Transcript (and of my personal error rate) 27.5 good afternoon everyone 30.2 scientific of the atom I hypothesizing that the nucleus is made up of a chaotic block of protons in neutrons. there is no known structure for the nucleus. Quantum mechanic states that is impossible to show a true shape for the nucleus but instead relies on mathematics to express the atom and is non-determined non-deterministic nature. 53.9 is it possible that there is a structure to the nucleus of the atom? 66.5 in this presentation I will make precisely that attempt and show you how this structure with its particular rules and mechanics are responsible for the periodicity and the group is of the periodic table of the elements. my goal today is to take you from this two-dimensional Solar System model of the atom with no structuring whatsoever as we can see on the on this side and I want to take you to a logical -dimensional structure of the atom. 99.7 the proton electron model that was adhere to until the acceptance of the neutrons in about 1933 (Solvay conference in Brussels) taken as an as a base for that 110.6 now before I continue I would like to draw everybody's attention to the disclaimer of this presentation. we are all that your is crazy. the question which divides us is whether it's crazy enough to have a chance of being correct . 127 presentation is made up of the following: the current understanding of the model so we're taking through a short history lesson there, and then we will go into the true proposal for the , and the third part will be to touch upon some implications of this model. in the end we will conclude 156.2 our journey begins in the early 1800s when John Dalton was doing his research. used a relatively relative atomic weight and published a table of the relative atomic weight so we have to first rudimentary form of a periodic table of the elements. for example Dalton found that 12 grams of carbon could react to 16 grams of oxygen to form the compound we now call carbon monoxide, or with 32 grams of oxygen form carbon dioxide. the ratio of oxygen masses 32 to 16 or which simplifies to the one 203.1 at some point it was discovered that certain elements have common properties that there was a periodicity to the elements. in 1864 John Newlands described the law of octaves. he he observed periodicity according to relative atomic weight. identified some new elements such as germanium. this concept however was not recognized by the Society of chemists until 1887. 234.1 after becoming a teacher in 1867 Mendeleev wrote a definitive textbook of his time principles of chemistry two volumes in 1868 to 1870. it was written as he as he was preparing a textbook for his course. this is when he made his most important Discovery as he attempted to classify the elements according to the chemical properties he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table. amend the left (Mendelev) claims to have envisioned the complete arrangement of the elements in a dream called I saw in a dream a table where all the elements fell into places required Awakening and immediately wrote it down on a piece of paper. only in one place did a correction later needs to see necessary. 282.7 so I would like to point out here which is his periodic table the purple elements like helium neon argon Krypton Etc they were totally unknown. and here we see for example the germanium. by looking at this empty spots we were able to pinpoint where the next element should be and that's how we found them. 307.8 the JJ Thomson performed his carefold Ray experiment in 1897. if a gas sample is introduced into the region between two charts plates which we can see on the bottom here the current flow can be observed suggesting that the atoms have been broken down into charts constituents. the source of D charged particles is heated is a heated calf out (cathode) in fact causes the atoms to sample of the sample to ionize. these were known as scaffold Rays at a time. 344.3 in 1897 Thompson set out to prove to cathode rays produce from the carefold were a stream of negative negatively charged particles called electrons 356.8 for Maxwell's that the charge particles could be deflected in a magnetic field shown just about here. so depending on the polarity the electrons build up down because of the bending of that path of the illiterate emitted electron in the carefold tube experiment it became clear that it had to be charged particle, negative in nature because it was cool Push Pull pushed from the north-south magnetic fields that has been put into the Electron Beam path. through his work science was introduced to a whole new discovery namely the electron. through his work the results was a model for the atom the technology electrons and the fact that they can be taken away from the other leaving a positively charged atom. 410.5 the discovery of these subatomic corpuscules overturns notion that atoms are indivisible. the best description at the time was that it would resemble a plum food whereby the electron resembled the distributed problem throughout the pudding which is depicted here. he was in the event or not with the Nobel Prize in physics in 1906. 440.3 when Chadwick famously discovered a neutron it caused the debate. it was finally more or less settled with the at the conference in Brussels Belgium in 1933. 451.1 the only alternative to neutrons was the existence of nuclear electrons which would contract some of the proton charges of the nucleus, since by then it was known that the nuclei had about twice the mass that could be accounted for if they were simply assembled from hydrogen nuclei meaning protons. but how these nuclear electrons could be trapped in the nucleus was still a mystery. 476.9 this is when and where it was decided at the conference that the neutron is not a combination of a proton and electron but rather a fundamental particle. without it without an electrostatic charge meaning it is neutral and the name Neutron. 498.9 after the acceptance of the neutron, which was very much influenced by the need to make Quantum Mechanics Work, we basically end up with our current understanding in essence at least of the atom. 510.9 and quote an atom has several several key attributes that are observed. positively charged nucleus, the nucleus is depicted here. the nucleus is made up of positive protons and neutral neutrons. 525.3 the red and the green if you will, with green. the electrons do however not fall into the nucleus which is still a little bit of initial, and the ratio of the neutrons protons and the outer electrons on average is one on one and one. 543.1 note that the current nucleophysics explains the nucleus in a quantum mechanical terms. in the nucleus occupy in a certain energetic State each nucleon is set to occupy a range of locations. 558.6 to refresh everybody's mind here here is what the current periodic table of the elements looks like. we see there is a periodicity and groupings in the list of elements the periodicity goes from the left to the right and the group is come from top to bottom. the term element is used for atoms with a given number of protons regardless of whether or not they are ionized or chemically bonded, for example hydrogen in water. short the number of protons and the outer electrons determines the element 603.6 when all this is taken into account the current understanding of the atoms and the elements is very poor to say the least. if this is all that is offered after a century of research and untold amounts of resources having the important to technological projects based on this, then I would feel disappointed. in fact this is what drove me to study the atom and the elements the disappointment of in true for highly disputable model that asked us to believe certain things in order to make it work could simply not satisfy my need to know. throughout the years my personal lesson was that the whole Basics was wrong 645.5 this started for me around 2006 and ever since the has been slowly growing and maturing 656.5 the strong force which is seen at the first bullet point it's a postulated force it simply it simply was needed in order to explain how the protons would stick together in the nucleus. so any good model should be based on observations and logic only after that comes to understanding of the whole or the narrative if you will the structured error (Atom) model has the following key features: 694.4 it shows a logical construction of the atom and importance in accordance with observations it explains why the atom has a positive nucleus this negative electrons around it 705.3 it explains why the electrons do not fall into the positive nucleus it explains in a logical manner how it explains in a logical manner how chemistry arises 717.1 it explains the periodicity of the period of the table of the elements 720.8 and still an open question why do electrons and protons not annihilate each other still on also <,unanswered>. 730.2 Sam is a new model, no yes take your pick. let's see this model is still very much in development, and despite some efforts to the question as to why the protonally electron do not each other is still . the only thing I would like to add is that the observation would indicate the perhaps the proton and electron are made of a smaller organizations. the model right now does not rule this out nor deny it. in fact I think this is a beautiful example of how we can operate from different disciplines to find the answer to this question. 766.8 for the model itself it is not essential to have this question answered because it goes beyond the scope of the organization of the nucleus. the observation is still there regardless of the answer to the question. there has to be an organization to the nucleus of the atom there's simply too many hens and leads that cannot be ignored to the point this out that point to this to be true. maybe when we try to find an answer to how the nucleus of the atom is organized we can find no real answers at all, only that the nucleus is made up of neutrons and protons how these fit together is officially still in history. 811.5 the present this presentation will offer evidence that the nucleus is structured, and we'll point out how this is the case with its regularities and rules and what principles are in effect. 822.7 at about 2008 I found a correlation of geometry of the Spheres it's called spherical geometry. you'll be surprised how little it can be found on that. when we reach the number seven reads lithium it's called the pentagonal bipyramid. with a fancy work and in 2010 carbon corresponded with the icosahedron or rather 12 years 2012 I found basically an entire structure of the nucleus and how it functions. ever since I have been student myself of this model and I can find correlation of the correlation some of these I hope to share with you here 864.2 in the model in short comes down to this. we have a duality which I is depicted here on this slide that we call a proton electron pair that has the electrostatic force acting between them. this force is the cause of factor for the principle the densest packing of the packing that creates geometric shapes. these geometric shapes are integrated in a specific order and number and they create all the elements. during the next slides I will try to show you how that is the case. 900.2 so when we go into the structure of the protons. 931.9 stable element must have a stable nucleus. I need to can be no movement without any cause in the structure of the nucleus. sphere or a proton must always be always be part of one of the identified geometrical structures named the tetrahedron, the pentagonal bipyramid or the . the depictions will come in a little bit 955.6 and the inner structure of the atom the nucleus dictates how to electron structure rather (than?) the orbiters 966.5 so when we reach the new Neutron. is this is a schematic view of it in the center. we can see how the neutron is redefined instead of being fundamental particle it is in the center an electron with its two neighboring photons. this is a stable structure. charge of the electron in the center is divided over the protons. this binds the protons into rigid's connection if you will. it resembles the nucleus and a stable configuration. the second electron to make the whole neutral again simply boot it out it's placed in orbit which is about a hundred thousand times the radius of the nucleus. 1022.4 on the left we can see schematically how the free Neutron decay occurs. 1030.8 now at the bottom we can see in intimately connected proton and electron meaning there is no more energy in that system. it does Decay however into the top Direction of basically a hydrogen atom a proton and electron at a distance 1050.4 and the bottom right we can see what happens when we go into a triangular configuration which is depicted by helium-free (three?). there's simply no room for more than one nuclear electron they're too close to each other. 1063.4 the other two which are depicted in the green here are simply put it out again but to balance the whole being free protons and to balance the whole being free protons and free electrons 1076.7 above that we see how we end up with a helium-free with only one nuclear electron taking this resting position in the center of the three protons or at least it's seeking out that point. 1091.5 some classical terms we are left with : only one Neutron two protons and two outer electrons. 1104.4 I would like to point out the paper done by Carl Johnson. actually more than one paper. it's called the statistical analysis of isotope masses. this analysis of this analysis of the precise nist data seems to indicate that there is no energy which exists within any Atomic nuclei to account for the existence of any or the necessary binding energy of any neutrons, or any Ultra powerful strong force or any neutrinos for that fact 1140.2 for that matter the research has resulted in a faster, , in a far simpler a more logical description of atomic nuclei. it also had entirely compliance with the known laws of science. no unseen strong nuclear force which allegedly works at an infer fifth power distance except then it also reverses in effect at really short dimensions. if I didn't necessary or represented by any energy source. I would like to invite everybody that is very interested in this topic to try and seek out those papers quite profound. 1188.1 here we see the building blocks of some model. from left to right we can have fun to identify them. up. here we see the platonic Solace excuse me the platonic solids 1208.1 this is the on the bottom we hear we see the spherical geometry. the spherical geometry is not like the so-called holy joint which uses points and lines in the two-dimensional depiction. here we can see how the platonix platonic shapes are actually created by using spheres. in this case the protons and as plate already set the atoms must be made up of geometrical shape 1238.4 this picture here was taken last year at the corrupt sitting at the Grand Canyon and I would like to point out this gentleman with the red hat and James Sorensen. ever since we met James has been participating in this model by creating software code that led to three-dimensional atom Builder. we can actually recreate on the computer the elements because you see here will the pictures you will see during this presentation taking from that particular Builder. the model has already been proven to be crucial for further continuation. 1280.5 on the left we see the basic building blocks. first one would be hydrogen, the second one would be deuterium, the third one would be helium-free, fourth helium. this one is the so-called pentagonal bipyramid which equates to lithium. the first through element that we have an imperial table. even the name implies this because if lithium meaning Stone like in the last one represents carbon. 1315.7 here we see didn't. here we see some essential tools in the college that we used to develop the model. nothing fancy nothing expensive. the magnets you can see on the bottom here are used as a valuable tool because they mimic the central attraction force that is also available. also there in the atomic nucleus this beautiful mimically the densest packing or rather the electrostatic force. 1353.5 treat the properly they will show you the correct structure of the elements everybody can do this 1364.3 here we see the plotonic solids again create using spheres. the so called spherical geometry. take note that the cube and the are not stable. they can easily be distorted and contrast to the other three. cute it's not stable. the stable. that is stable so decahedron (dodecahedron) is not stable. and after hearing is stable, the proton geometrical structure cannot exist on its own. nor can electron structure and be on its own. you need each other they need each other in order to be an equilibrium. only one on its own cannot be the other one on its own cannot be together they can be they can be they are in equilibrium. 1432 all the protons that we have in this model must be belong to free (three) geometrical structures as I said: the proton; the tetrahedron here protected by pyramids represented by lithium; and icosahedron represented by carbon. 1447.5 on the left we have the electron structures: this is octahedron in a dough that equation (donut configuration).on the bottom here I should try to show how they exactly fit together. let me check that. 1481.5 the icosahedron is the most complete of the platonic solids meaning there is no bigger geometrical shape that can fit into a sphere densest packing principle 1492.4 the icoceted with its 20 triangular facets. and see if this is right. right. carbon embodies this icons hidden with its 20 triangular facets to 20 triangles. correspond to the number of electrons necessary to reach the noble gases state. carbon as is depicted here. not all the Triangular facets of the nucleus are occupied meaning there are positive spots left on the nucleus that can still react. in the green we can see where in the next one would be, and where there is no green yet. here here is to the positive charge left. so on the left we see a carbon with only six in the electrons on the right we have a carbon it's the six inner electrons and the six Alto electrons. however, take note not all the spots still green meaning they're still chemical reactivity left. 1559.9 this is basically the fundamental Principle as to why chemistry is happening 1566.2 when we take a look at the noble gas configuration. we have the same nucleus. however there are like shown on the right extra protons. this extra protons also imply their extra electrons. 1580.9 in the case of neon we get the first complete nucleus if you will have all the spots are occupied. hence we reach the noble gases state 1595.4 it's important to notice that this icosahedron of the carbon which is still depicted here has 20 triangular surface so we get 10 minutes or inner electrons 10 outer electrons. together they were occupy no more positive charge, no electric negative charge, no more reactivity, and again the noble gases state. 1625.5 the main structure of the atom, or the backbone of the nucleus is made up of the icosahedron. or as determined in this model a carbon nucleic, whereby nucleic refers to the identified geometrical shapes of the protons. 1641.1 each geometrical shape or nuclear has a center of attraction that is created and shared by the protons. part of that new plant did geometrical structures are connected to each other by sharing our proton as shown on the first image here. 1660.5 the main structure of the atom is therefore collection of the connected carbon nucleus that adhere to a doubling mechanism. it tries to depict it in the rest of the pictures. here we go from one carbon nuclear to two carbon nucleus to four carbon nucleus to eight carbon nucleus. this triangle, as you can see, it's everywhere on the nucleus of the atom. this is most important all the protocol all. the proton structures will always have only triangular surface areas this is when it is stable, so this triangular area is where the electron would find is resting spot. or at least then let's out and try to find that decision. 1718.6 here we see how the periodicity of the periodic table is a result of this geometric Associates, excuse me. what we see here is highlighted the carbon group in the periodic table. the carbon group belongs in carbon belongs there. silicon belongs there. germanium belongs there. when we go to shave. 1744 look at this picture. on the left we see carbon made up of 12 nucleons or protons. in the center we see silicon which is 28 in total. however, on the left we see the same recurring carbon which is where all the reactivity or the chemistry is. on the right we see the green. every time we see green it resembles a neutralized spot meaning that part of the atom or the nucleus does not participate anymore. 1774.7 will reached germanium it's made up of 70 nucleons or protons. we can see that basically the whole atom is neutralized, and again the same recurring carbon nucleus. the number still add up so when we see in this model these numbers here they correspond exactly to the element. 1799.7 another example is The Alkali metal group, so lithium sodium and potassium,. and we try and take a look at those shapes, we get the following picture. on the left we see lithium is seven particles in the pentagonal bipariance. on the center we get sodium 23 particles. again the only active part of the atom is retinal part here in to the left. again the neutralized part on the right potassium 39. the whole atom is neutralized except for that. if you nuclear the final example would be the noble gases 1841.6 so we've taken neon, argon, Krypton. we take a look at the shapes get the following picture. everything is completely green, only neutral endings as I call them. now we see neon. if 22 in this case neon has 20 21 22 as a stable isotope, chosen 22 here. Argon a 38 here. encryption if at here and this keeps on recurring this keeps repeating cycle of 8. 1880.3 here we see how the periodicity of the table of the elements result of these geometrical shapes. so the valence factor or rather how many connections we can make in our with a certain element. we can see that the carbon is usually taught out to us as being a plus four or minus 4, the being a minus 3, the oxygen minus 2, the fluorine minus 1. we can see the number of green increasing, meaning every time a pair is added that part of the atom is neutralized, and the valence factor is dropping by one. when we continue we reach neon completely new . sodium, however, is plus one represented by the lithium again as we saw in the previous example. magnesium simply has two of those. aluminum a little bit more complex it has a lithium nuclet or geometrical shape and on the right side we see the yellow which is representing beryllium flat just a little bit heavier than the lithium. after comes silicon silicon. again is plus 4 minus 4 and plus 2. but we see just above the carbon nucleus and here would active problem nucleus the right side the atom again is neutralized. this keeps repeating and repeating and repeating the periodicity of the periodic table of the elements. 1970 see where we are right. carbon 14, most commonly known example I would say, carbon 14 is radioactive in the case in approximately 5000 years or something to that effect. and we're actually we see the densest packing at work. 1988.5 we can see here in the center is a general depiction found on Wikipedia for example how an electron is booted out. or in this case over here you see how a neutron the case into a proton and an electron. they also talk about neutrinos and signatures but we leave them out for a moment. 2016.8 on the right side we can see here, according to the new model you can see carbon 14 in the center. we have the same carbon nucleic that was blue just a moment ago. we have the top one extra Neutron and on the bottom one extra Neutron, meaning it's a proton plus an electron to bind it together. when they come close they Decay meaning two are together now. and there's only one electron needed, or rather actually, there's only room for one electron. so this second electron is booted out. as we could see here, it takes place in the orbit, therefore we reach the next element. 2059.2 so you could say In classical terms there's a numbers are six protons six electrons and eight neutrons, becoming seven protons 7 electrons error and seven neutrons. that's Decay. if we talk in new model we actually have over here 14 protons with eight in the electrons the six of the carbon plus the two of the loose and the six Ultra electrons that have always been there. and in the case to the bottom simply to again 14 protons 7 in electrons and seven alter electrons. 2099.7 this is the so called Data minus typically 2104.6 now, our current research still focuses very much on these structures and we're trying to create a corresponding periodic table of the elements. not so much that the current one is wrong, but there are some improvements to be made. half the elements have to still have to be created in the atom Builder that was mentioned before. we're not there yet it's quite complex because of the number of possibilities that arise due to the doubling that factor. we are nature so. 2141.5 we are currently, for example, looking at the possibility of the existence of elements. the periodic table of the elements that have not yet been discovered. I'm not talking about the real heavy elements. talking about elements halfway the , close to iron, close to Copper, close to silver, gold, Etc. nature tends to skip these steps, simply not so much because it cannot be done but because the combination of two. to make diffusion happen usually we get a helium nuclei, or a alpha particle, which combines an alpha particle, consists of four of these protons. but to create that missing element in between we need deuterium. to act on that just the and the abundance of certain elements makes it almost impossible. besides that, we are not even aware that there might be something missing. it is my belief that ultimately these elements will be either discovered or created. I hope to think might actually validate this model in the future. 2212.6 we can see here how it basically resembles a tree-like structure and where this doubling is coming on. so this is like a stem, two branches which goes into another two branches and another two branches for about a four. 2229.8 interesting to note over here there's a collision. the two branches basically touch each other and that happens just about where the stable elements . are the most stable last elements in the periodic table. from that point on all the elements are radioactive. I believe that due to that coming together to branches is where it breaks. the bottom basically breaks up in the atmos split into. I think we all know what that leads to. it's very still far from complete. it provides actually opportunities for everybody to participate in this advancement. there are limitations to specific fields of science. due to limit and understanding of the atom I believe in general, and the elements specifically. the atoms affect just about everything. in fact I would like to challenge the scientific community to any point out these flaws and provide the next answer, for clue or an error or a validator proposed model. this is something I think we should all agree on. 2297.9 all that is presented here today can only be done, has been done, without any professional support, and represents a few creative minds working together. and I can only imagine what we could achieve as a collective. 2311.5 we see here screenshot basically of the atom that has been created. again has been most important in this. he has been able to convey the model that I have in this rudimentary form, into this atom Builder. and we can see here some of that anybody that is interested in this and learning more about this. I would like to invite to the breakout room. we have beautiful set up, we have lots of examples, we have magnets you can use and create and play with. 2350.4 I would like to summarize the new atomic model follow. we have a duality that we call a proton electron pair, with the electrostatic force acting between them. this force is the causal mechanism for the principle of densest packing that creates geometrical shapes. this geometrical shapes in specific order sequence and number create all the elements. the model shows the observe nature and properties of the atom, and explains the reason why the nucleus of the atom is positively charged, why the outer elections stay at range. you do not fall into the nucleus. and addresses a causal factor of chemistry. in fact physics and chemistry are kinda separated exactly where the atom is. in this case the physical model goes straight into chemistry 2399.9 and there are many many more implications and consequences too many to mention today. there's some potential implications here and I name some. here we have plasma physics, astrophysics, cosmology. I think we can reach a far better reach a far better understanding of the nuclear structure, better understanding of chemistry, nuclear fusion, and fusion. maybe even smaller nanotechnology, dating. to say the list is quite controversial. and transmutations and perhaps as I mentioned new elements. 2442.1 with the thanks. many people to thanks but a few persons in particular, for you. EU support unwavering I would say. James Orson special. he made the attend all the inner website, and it will become in the end I hope a tool that we can use for educational purposes.